Dental Caries and Smoking Behaviors Among High School Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 1 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cureus Pub Date : 2025-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.7759/cureus.77249
Faisal F Hakeem, Ahmed A Marghalani, Ayah M Rashwan, Alanoud N Almohammdi, Raghad M Aljohani, Farah W Mohabat, Lubna M Helly, Hind A Almubarak, Zaina E Kalthoum
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is critical for developing lifelong health habits, including oral hygiene. While the effects of smoking on oral health are well-documented in adults, research focusing on adolescents remains limited.

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the prevalence of smoking and its relationship with oral health outcomes, socioeconomic variables, and oral hygiene practices among high school students in Madinah.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 2,514 high school students (n = 1,249, 49.7% males; n = 1,265, 50.3% females) from 24 schools in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that collected data on sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, and oral health behaviors. Clinical dental examinations were conducted to assess caries prevalence using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the associations between smoking status and the study variables.

Results: The prevalence of smoking among participants was 8.6% (n = 216), with a higher proportion of males (n = 132 out of 1,249, 10.6%) than females (n = 84 out of 1,265, 6.6%) reporting tobacco use (P < 0.001). Smokers were more likely to attend public schools compared to nonsmokers (n = 190 out of 216, 88.0%, vs. n = 1,899 out of 2,298, 82.6%; P = 0.04) and had mothers with intermediate education levels (n = 108 out of 216, 50.0%, vs. n = 892 out of 2,298, 38.8%; P = 0.005). No significant differences were observed for the father's education or age. Regarding oral health outcomes, smokers reported significantly poorer self-rated oral health (n = 43, 19.9%, vs. n = 328, 14.3%; P = 0.026), but no significant association was found between smoking status and DMFT scores (P = 0.66). Smokers also reported less frequent toothbrushing (n = 132, 61.1%, brushing regularly vs. n = 1,686, 73.4%, for nonsmokers; P = 0.001).

Conclusions: Smoking prevalence among high school students in Madinah was 8.6%, with higher rates observed among males and students attending public schools. Smoking was associated with poorer self-rated oral health and less frequent brushing habits. These findings highlight the need for targeted oral health education and smoking prevention programs in schools to address modifiable risk factors and promote healthier behaviors.

在沙特阿拉伯麦地那的高中生中龋齿和吸烟行为:一项横断面研究。
背景:青少年时期是养成包括口腔卫生在内的终生健康习惯的关键时期。虽然吸烟对口腔健康的影响在成人中已有大量记载,但针对青少年的研究仍然有限:本文旨在调查麦地那中学生的吸烟率及其与口腔健康结果、社会经济变量和口腔卫生习惯之间的关系:研究对象为沙特阿拉伯麦地那市 24 所学校的 2514 名高中生(男性 1249 人,占 49.7%;女性 1265 人,占 50.3%)。参与者填写了一份自填式问卷,其中收集了有关社会人口因素、吸烟习惯和口腔健康行为的数据。临床牙科检查采用龋齿、缺失牙和填充牙(DMFT)指数评估龋齿患病率。双变量分析和逻辑回归用于研究吸烟状况与研究变量之间的关联:参与者的吸烟率为 8.6%(n = 216),其中男性比例(1 249 人中有 132 人,占 10.6%)高于女性(1 265 人中有 84 人,占 6.6%)(P < 0.001)。与非吸烟者相比,吸烟者更有可能就读于公立学校(216 人中有 190 人,占 88.0%;2298 人中有 1899 人,占 82.6%;P = 0.04),而且吸烟者的母亲具有中等教育水平(216 人中有 108 人,占 50.0%;2298 人中有 892 人,占 38.8%;P = 0.005)。父亲的教育程度和年龄没有明显差异。在口腔健康结果方面,吸烟者自评的口腔健康状况明显较差(n = 43,19.9%;vs n = 328,14.3%;P = 0.026),但在吸烟状况和 DMFT 分数之间未发现明显关联(P = 0.66)。吸烟者的刷牙频率也较低(n = 132,61.1%,经常刷牙;n = 1,686, 73.4%,不吸烟;P = 0.001):麦地那高中生的吸烟率为 8.6%,其中男生和公立学校学生的吸烟率较高。吸烟与较差的口腔自评健康状况和较少的刷牙习惯有关。这些发现凸显了在学校开展有针对性的口腔健康教育和预防吸烟计划的必要性,以解决可改变的风险因素并促进更健康的行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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