Development of an ex vivo model to assess the impact of fumonisin B1 on swine intestinal morphology.

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the effects of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) on the jejunum of pigs using a novel ex vivo model conducted in parallel with an in vivo trial. For the in vivo model, twelve male 28 to 70-days-old pigs were subjected to two treatments of six animals each: the control group, fed a basal diet (BD), and the FB₁ group, fed the BD + 50 mg/kg FB₁. At 70 days, the animals were slaughtered and one jejunal sample was collected from each pig for further histopathological analyses. Other four male pigs from the in vivo control treatment were slaughtered at 70 days for the ex vivo model. Four jejunal explants were collected from each pig, totaling 16 intestinal explants, which were subjected to two treatments, with 8 explants each, using an Ussing Chamber (UC) system: the control group, subjected to buffer solution (BS), and the FB₁ group, subjected to BS + 50 mg/L FB₁. Samples from in vivo and ex vivo models were analyzed for histopathological parameters and subjective intestinal assessments. The FB₁ group presented lower (P < 0.05) villi height than the control group in both in vivo and ex vivo. A decrease (P < 0.05) in the villi number, crypt depth, enterocyte height and enterocyte nucleus size was also observed in the FB₁ group ex vivo, with a higher severity score of lymphatic vessels dilation than the control (P = 0.0459). The FB₁ group also tended to increase the goblet cells count (P = 0.0736) ex vivo as well as to decrease the crypt width (P = 0.0638) in vivo. The ex vivo model exhibited similar mean values and statistical responses to those observed in vivo, demonstrating its potential as an alternative approach for assessing the effects of mycotoxins in a reduced number of animals.