Effects of radiotherapy on the hippocampus and hippocampal neurogenesis: a systematic review of preclinical studies.

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI:10.1007/s00066-024-02341-4

Sandra Leskinen, Samir Alsalek, A Gabriella Wernicke

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to understand the effects and underlying mechanisms of cranial radiotherapy (RT) on the hippocampus and hippocampal neurogenesis as well as to explore protective factors and treatments that might mitigate these effects in preclinical studies.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were queried for studies involving the effects of radiation on the hippocampus and hippocampal neurogenesis. Data extraction followed the Animal Research Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines, and a risk of bias assessment was conducted for the included animal studies using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool.

Results: Ninety studies were included, with 48 assessing radiation-induced changes and 42 examining possible interventions. The majority of studies (97.8%) used experimental animal models. Studies demonstrated that cranial irradiation reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, particularly in the neurogenic niches of the dentate gyrus; causes alterations in gene expression and enzymatic activity; induces inflammation; promotes apoptosis; and often results in cognitive impairment. Potential protective strategies include pharmacological agents like metformin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonists or behavioral interventions like voluntary running. In a risk of bias assessment, many studies were rated as having an unclear risk of bias.

Conclusion: Radiotherapy, while essential for managing brain tumors, can have adverse effects on hippocampal function and structure in animal models. These effects manifest in reduced neurogenesis, molecular alterations, and increased inflammation, leading to cognitive deficits. Further research is needed to identify and improve interventions and develop comprehensive therapeutic approaches that balance effective tumor control with the preservation of cognitive health.

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放疗对海马和海马神经发生的影响：临床前研究的系统综述。

目的：通过文献综述，了解颅放射治疗（RT）对海马和海马神经发生的影响及其潜在机制，并在临床前研究中探讨可能减轻这些影响的保护因素和治疗方法。方法：检索PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science和Embase中有关辐射对海马和海马神经发生影响的研究。数据提取遵循体内实验动物研究报告（ARRIVE）指南，并使用实验动物实验系统评价中心（sycle）偏倚风险工具对纳入的动物研究进行偏倚风险评估。结果：纳入了90项研究，其中48项评估辐射引起的变化，42项检查可能的干预措施。绝大多数研究（97.8%）采用实验动物模型。研究表明，颅照射减少海马神经发生，特别是在齿状回的神经源性壁龛；引起基因表达和酶活性的改变；引发炎症;促进细胞凋亡;通常会导致认知障碍。潜在的保护策略包括药物制剂，如二甲双胍和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α (PPAR-α)激动剂或行为干预，如自愿跑步。在偏倚风险评估中，许多研究被评为具有不明确的偏倚风险。结论：放疗在脑肿瘤治疗中是必不可少的，但对动物模型海马功能和结构有不良影响。这些影响表现为神经发生减少、分子改变和炎症增加，从而导致认知缺陷。需要进一步的研究来确定和改进干预措施，并开发综合治疗方法，以平衡有效的肿瘤控制与保持认知健康。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 医学-核医学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

12.90%

发文量

141

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, published monthly, is a scientific journal that covers all aspects of oncology with focus on radiooncology, radiation biology and radiation physics. The articles are not only of interest to radiooncologists but to all physicians interested in oncology, to radiation biologists and radiation physicists. The journal publishes original articles, review articles and case studies that are peer-reviewed. It includes scientific short communications as well as a literature review with annotated articles that inform the reader on new developments in the various disciplines concerned and hence allow for a sound overview on the latest results in radiooncology research. Founded in 1912, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the oldest oncological journal in the world. Today, contributions are published in English and German. All articles have English summaries and legends. The journal is the official publication of several scientific radiooncological societies and publishes the relevant communications of these societies.