Recent sea level changes in the Red Sea: Thermosteric and halosteric contributions, and impacts of natural climate variability

IF 3.8 3区地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103416

Bayoumy Mohamed, Nikolaos Skliris

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Abstract

This study investigates sea level changes in the Red Sea over the last 29 years (1993–2021) by analyzing long-term trends and interannual variations in the total sea level anomaly (SLA). The study also explores the role of thermosteric and halosteric changes and interannual variability of total SLA using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and their relationship with large-scale climate modes. The results show that the trends of total and steric SLA were higher in the northern Red Sea (NRS) than in the southern Red Sea (SRS), influenced by low-salinity water inflow from the Aden Gulf. The average SLA trend in the Red Sea between 1993 and 2021 was about 4.17 ± 0.14 mm/year. However, an abrupt change was observed in SLA and its components, with accelerating trends in the post-2008 period compared to the pre-2008 period. This increase was mainly due to the thermosteric effect, which was positively enhanced throughout the Red Sea. The halosteric component in the NRS contributed negatively to the overall steric effect. The interannual SLA variability accounts for about 45 % of the total variability and can be partially explained by the influence of the El Nino Southern Oscillation.

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红海近期海平面变化：热阻和盐阻的贡献，以及自然气候变率的影响

本文通过分析总海平面距平（SLA）的长期趋势和年际变化，研究了近29年（1993-2021）红海的海平面变化。利用经验正交函数（EOF）分析，探讨了总SLA的热稳态和盐稳态变化以及年际变率的作用及其与大尺度气候模式的关系。结果表明：受亚丁湾低盐度海水流入的影响，红海北部（NRS）总体和空间SLA的变化趋势高于红海南部（SRS）；1993 ~ 2021年红海平均海平面变化趋势约为4.17±0.14 mm/年。然而，SLA及其组成部分发生了突变，与2008年前相比，2008年后的趋势加速。这一增加主要是由于热阻效应，这一效应在整个红海地区得到了积极的加强。NRS中的盐位化成分对整体空间效应起负作用。年际变率约占总变率的45%，可以部分解释厄尔尼诺南方涛动的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Progress in Oceanography 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.90%

发文量

138

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Progress in Oceanography publishes the longer, more comprehensive papers that most oceanographers feel are necessary, on occasion, to do justice to their work. Contributions are generally either a review of an aspect of oceanography or a treatise on an expanding oceanographic subject. The articles cover the entire spectrum of disciplines within the science of oceanography. Occasionally volumes are devoted to collections of papers and conference proceedings of exceptional interest. Essential reading for all oceanographers.