Copper prevention values in Brazilian subtropical soils

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144079

Thiago Ramos Freitas , Rafaela Alves dos Santos Peron , Luis Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho , Mari Lucia Campos , Osmar Klauberg-Filho , Dilmar Baretta

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Abstract

The Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) Resolution 420/2009 establishes soil quality guideline values for copper, as the prevention value (PV). It defines the maximum concentrations of chemical substances permitted in the soil. Thus, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the copper PV adopted at the national level by conducting exposure assays with enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus, Enchytraeus bigeminus and Enchytraeus dudichi) and springtails (Folsomia candida, Proisotoma minuta and Sinella curviseta) in two Brazilian subtropical soils: a Latosol and an Argisol. Results revealed that copper reduces the reproductive capacity of all organisms as its concentration increases in the evaluated soils. Argisol presented the lowest effective concentration of 20% (EC₂₀) and 50% (EC₅₀) in species reproduction for all organisms evaluated. The most sensitive organism was the enchytraeid E. bigeminus, with EC₂₀ values of 58 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 30 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol, and EC₅₀ values of 155 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 91 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol. Among the springtails, S. curviseta exhibited the highest EC₂₀, with values of 230 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 136 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol. Conversely, the highest values of EC₅₀ were recorded for the species P. minuta (526 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 415 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol). Based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach, the PVs calculated were 172 mg kg⁻¹ for Latosol and 106 mg kg⁻¹ for Argisol, derived from EC₅₀ data. For EC₂₀ data, the PV values calculated were 158 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 100 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol. By comparing the PV with the Brazilian adopted PV for copper (60 mg kg⁻¹), it was observed the efficacy of the CONAMA Resolution.

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巴西亚热带土壤中铜的预防价值。

巴西国家环境委员会（CONAMA）第420/2009号决议建立了铜的土壤质量指导值，作为预防值（PV）。它规定了土壤中允许的化学物质的最大浓度。因此，本研究的目的是通过在巴西两种亚热带土壤（Latosol和Argisol）中对姬虫（隐姬虫、双星姬虫和杜氏姬虫）和弹跳虫（假丝叶虫、分钟Proisotoma minuta和曲线Sinella curviseta）进行暴露试验，评估国家层面采用的铜PV的有效性。结果表明，随着铜浓度的增加，所有生物的繁殖能力都降低。阿吉索的最低有效浓度为20% （EC20）和50% （EC50）。对毒血症最敏感的是赤霉素，赤霉素的EC20值为58 mg kg -毒血症和30 mg kg -毒血症；赤霉素的EC50值为155 mg kg -毒血症和91 mg kg -毒血症。在所有的跳虫中，曲线跳虫的EC20是最高的，它在Latosol中的EC20是230 mg kg - 1，在Argisol中的EC20是136 mg kg - 1。相反，记录的EC50最大值是P. minuta（在Latosol中为526 mg kg - 1，在Argisol中为415 mg kg - 1）。根据物种敏感性分布（SSD）方法，根据EC50数据，计算出的pv值为Latosol的172 mg kg - 1和Argisol的106 mg kg - 1。对于EC20数据，计算出的PV值是Latosol中的158 mg kg - 1和Argisol中的100 mg kg - 1。通过与巴西采用的铜（60 mg kg-1）的PV进行比较，观察了CONAMA分辨率的有效性。

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来源期刊

Chemosphere 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

15.80

自引率

8.00%

发文量

4975

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： Chemosphere, being an international multidisciplinary journal, is dedicated to publishing original communications and review articles on chemicals in the environment. The scope covers a wide range of topics, including the identification, quantification, behavior, fate, toxicology, treatment, and remediation of chemicals in the bio-, hydro-, litho-, and atmosphere, ensuring the broad dissemination of research in this field.