{"title":"The value of non-punctate echogenic foci in the ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid nodules.","authors":"Rui Zhang, Xiqian Wang, Ming Xiao, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12020-024-04152-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic value of different subtypes of non-punctate echogenic foci in thyroid malignancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective research of 342 thyroid nodules with calcification was performed. The echogenic foci were divided into punctate echogenic foci (type I) and non-punctate echogenic foci (type II), and type II were further divided into four subtypes: macrocalcification (type IIa), continuous peripheral calcification (type IIb), discontinuous peripheral calcification (type IIc) and isolated calcification (type IId). Postoperative histopathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the correlation between non-punctate echogenic foci subtypes and thyroid malignancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The malignant risk of nodules with echogenic foci was type I (82.1%) > type IIa (66.2%) > type IIc (52.9%) > type IId (16.7%) > type IIb (13.9%), P < 0.001. Type I and type IIa echogenic foci were independent risk factors for thyroid cancer (OR = 16.593, 7.785). Solid, hypoechogenicity/marked hypoechogenicity and a single lesion in a unilateral thyroid lobe were independently associated with malignant thyroid nodules with macrocalcification(OR = 6.825, 40.042, 5.201). Irregular margins and uneven calcification thickness were independent factors for malignant thyroid nodules with peripheral calcification (OR = 5.676, 2.750).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Type IIa echogenic foci could independently predict thyroid malignancy. The diagnostic value of non-punctate echogenic foci depended on the differentiated combination of ultrasound characteristics. Type IIa nodules with solid composition, irregular margins, and a single lesion in a unilateral thyroid lobe implied a higher risk of malignancy; peripheral calcified nodules with irregular margins and uneven calcification thickness suggested an increased risk of malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11572,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Endocrine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-04152-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of different subtypes of non-punctate echogenic foci in thyroid malignancy.
Methods: Retrospective research of 342 thyroid nodules with calcification was performed. The echogenic foci were divided into punctate echogenic foci (type I) and non-punctate echogenic foci (type II), and type II were further divided into four subtypes: macrocalcification (type IIa), continuous peripheral calcification (type IIb), discontinuous peripheral calcification (type IIc) and isolated calcification (type IId). Postoperative histopathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the correlation between non-punctate echogenic foci subtypes and thyroid malignancy.
Results: The malignant risk of nodules with echogenic foci was type I (82.1%) > type IIa (66.2%) > type IIc (52.9%) > type IId (16.7%) > type IIb (13.9%), P < 0.001. Type I and type IIa echogenic foci were independent risk factors for thyroid cancer (OR = 16.593, 7.785). Solid, hypoechogenicity/marked hypoechogenicity and a single lesion in a unilateral thyroid lobe were independently associated with malignant thyroid nodules with macrocalcification(OR = 6.825, 40.042, 5.201). Irregular margins and uneven calcification thickness were independent factors for malignant thyroid nodules with peripheral calcification (OR = 5.676, 2.750).
Conclusion: Type IIa echogenic foci could independently predict thyroid malignancy. The diagnostic value of non-punctate echogenic foci depended on the differentiated combination of ultrasound characteristics. Type IIa nodules with solid composition, irregular margins, and a single lesion in a unilateral thyroid lobe implied a higher risk of malignancy; peripheral calcified nodules with irregular margins and uneven calcification thickness suggested an increased risk of malignancy.
期刊介绍：
Well-established as a major journal in today’s rapidly advancing experimental and clinical research areas, Endocrine publishes original articles devoted to basic (including molecular, cellular and physiological studies), translational and clinical research in all the different fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Articles will be accepted based on peer-reviews, priority, and editorial decision. Invited reviews, mini-reviews and viewpoints on relevant pathophysiological and clinical topics, as well as Editorials on articles appearing in the Journal, are published. Unsolicited Editorials will be evaluated by the editorial team. Outcomes of scientific meetings, as well as guidelines and position statements, may be submitted. The Journal also considers special feature articles in the field of endocrine genetics and epigenetics, as well as articles devoted to novel methods and techniques in endocrinology.
Endocrine covers controversial, clinical endocrine issues. Meta-analyses on endocrine and metabolic topics are also accepted. Descriptions of single clinical cases and/or small patients studies are not published unless of exceptional interest. However, reports of novel imaging studies and endocrine side effects in single patients may be considered. Research letters and letters to the editor related or unrelated to recently published articles can be submitted.
Endocrine covers leading topics in endocrinology such as neuroendocrinology, pituitary and hypothalamic peptides, thyroid physiological and clinical aspects, bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis, obesity, lipid and energy metabolism and food intake control, insulin, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, hormones of male and female reproduction, adrenal diseases pediatric and geriatric endocrinology, endocrine hypertension and endocrine oncology.
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