Alchemy in Nature: The Role of Lawsonia inermis Extract Choice in Crafting Potent Anticancer Metal Nanoparticles

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI:10.1021/acsami.4c19585

Rana Ahmed El-Fitiany, Riham El Nahas, Seba Al Balkhi, Shouq Aljaeedi, Afra Alblooshi, Fathy M. Hassan, Abbas Khaleel, Abdelouahid Samadi, Mohammad A. Khasawneh

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Abstract

Phyto-nanotechnology provides an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing biocompatible metal nanoparticles (NPs) with therapeutic potential. Lawsonia inermis (LI) has been historically valued for its diverse medicinal applications, especially its exceptional biological potency against various skin diseases, attributed to its rich abundance of bioactive compounds. Therefore, herein, plant-based iron and zinc NPs were biofabricated via sustainable and simple methods, using crude extracts of the aerial parts of LI as reducing, coating, and stabilizing agents. Since the extraction method affects the type of extracted phytocompounds, two extraction approaches─aqueous and hydro-alcoholic─were applied to determine the influence of the extraction route on the physicochemical and biological properties of the formed NPs. These properties were characterized via various analytical techniques and assays. The UV–Vis spectra revealed absorption bands ranging from 265 to 270 nm, while FT-IR confirmed the successful coating of the NPs with the extracts’ phytochemicals, validating the biofabrication of the proposed NPs. The alcoholic-based NPs displayed higher total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant effect compared to their aqueous-based counterparts, reaching up to 55.13 μg of GAE/1 mg of dry weight (DW), 30.48 μg of QU/1 mg of DW, and IC₅₀ of 46.02 μg/mL, respectively. All tested samples, except for Fe NPs, displayed significant cytotoxic effects against skin cancer, resulting in a cell viability as low as 1% at 1000 μg/mL. QTOF-LC/MS/MS analyses of LI extracts revealed tentative identification of more than 100 metabolites with phenolic compounds representing the largest share. Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis modeling revealed a clear separation between both extracts, with more than 40 marker compounds. The results indicated that both extracts were effective for the green synthesis of Fe and Zn NPs for biomedical applications, with the alcoholic extract of LI as a superior coating candidate and the aqueous extract as a stronger reducing agent. This work showcases the influence of extraction protocols on physicochemical and biological characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles.

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自然界的炼金术：在制作有效的抗癌金属纳米粒子中，野牡丹提取物选择的作用

植物纳米技术为合成具有治疗潜力的生物相容性金属纳米粒子（NPs）提供了一种生态友好的方法。由于其丰富的生物活性化合物，月桂草（LI）因其多种药用用途而受到历史的重视，特别是其对各种皮肤疾病的特殊生物效力。因此，本研究采用可持续且简单的方法制备植物基铁和锌NPs，利用LI的空中部分的粗提取物作为还原剂、包衣剂和稳定剂。由于提取方法影响提取的植物化合物的类型，因此采用两种提取方法──水提法和水醇提法──来确定提取路线对形成的NPs的物理化学和生物特性的影响。这些性质通过各种分析技术和测定来表征。紫外可见光谱显示了265 ~ 270 nm的吸收波段，而傅里叶红外光谱证实了NPs与提取物的植物化学物质的成功包被，验证了所提出的NPs的生物制造。与水基NPs相比，醇基NPs的总酚含量、总黄酮含量和抗氧化性均较高，分别达到55.13 μg/ 1 mg干重（DW）、30.48 μg/ 1 mg干重（DW）和46.02 μg/mL的IC50。除铁NPs外，所有测试样品均显示出显著的抗皮肤癌细胞毒作用，在1000 μg/mL时细胞存活率低至1%。通过QTOF-LC/MS/MS分析，初步鉴定出100多种代谢物，其中酚类化合物占最大比例。对潜在结构的正交投影判别分析模型显示，两种提取物之间存在明显的分离，有超过40种标记化合物。结果表明，两种提取物均可有效地绿色合成用于生物医学用途的Fe和Zn NPs，其中LI的酒精提取物是较好的涂层候选物，而水提取物是较强的还原剂。这项工作展示了提取方案对所得纳米颗粒的物理化学和生物学特性的影响。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.30%

发文量

4978

审稿时长

1.8 months

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is a leading interdisciplinary journal that brings together chemists, engineers, physicists, and biologists to explore the development and utilization of newly-discovered materials and interfacial processes for specific applications. Our journal has experienced remarkable growth since its establishment in 2009, both in terms of the number of articles published and the impact of the research showcased. We are proud to foster a truly global community, with the majority of published articles originating from outside the United States, reflecting the rapid growth of applied research worldwide.