Impact of nursing interventions on hemodialysis patients using the integrated theory of health behavior change.

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of nursing interventions based on the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change on hemodialysis patients. A retrospective analysis of 713 hemodialysis patients' electronic medical records from June 2020 to November 2023 was conducted. Patients were divided into an experimental group, receiving nursing interventions based on the theory, and a control group, receiving regular nursing care. After 1 month, dialysis indices and hospitalization rates were compared. Subgroup analyses based on education level were performed. After basic information matching, the spKt/V values of the experimental group and the control group were 1.62 ± 0.27 and 1.41 ± 0.25, with 198 and 176 individuals meeting the standard, respectively. The urea reduction ratio of the experimental group was 78.26 ± 8.72, with 187 individuals meeting the standard. From the 2 indicators, the dialysis indices of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group (P < .05). The numbers of readmissions in the 2 groups were 41 and 61, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P = .024). We also compared the reasons for readmission between the 2 groups and found significant differences in the reasons. Particularly, the numbers of readmissions due to fluid overload were 13 and 32 in the experimental and control groups, respectively, with significantly fewer in the experimental group than in the control group (P = .033). The education level did not affect the readmission rate of patients, with readmission rates of 12 and 11 in the 2 groups, respectively, with P > .05. The dialysis indices spKt/V and urea reduction ratio increased with increasing BMI, and there was a correlation between the 2, with values of 0.61 and 0.51, respectively, which were statistically significant (P < .05). The extremely satisfied rates were 46% in the experimental group and 36% in the control group, with dissatisfaction rates of 2% and 3% in the 2 groups, respectively, showing a significant statistical difference (P < .01). Nursing interventions based on the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change improved dialysis outcomes and patient satisfaction, providing insights for chronic disease management.