Recent advances on biomedical applications of zirconium-based Nanozymes: A review

Abstract

Traditional enzymes, while essential in various fields, face limitations such as high production costs and instability under extreme conditions. Nanozymes, a new class of nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties, offer a promising alternative. They are more stable, cost-effective, and versatile, maintaining catalytic activity under diverse conditions. Zirconium-based nanozymes, in particular, exhibit exceptional stability, biocompatibility, and catalytic efficiency, making them ideal for biomedical applications like cancer therapy and biosensing. This article reviews the synthesis methods, structural and catalytic roles, and applications of zirconium-based nanozymes. It highlights their potential in detection, biosensing, anticancer, antibacterial activities, and damage repair. Despite the advantages of zirconium-based nanozymes, their literature is fragmented, necessitating a comprehensive review to consolidate existing knowledge and guide future research. This review aims to bridge this gap, providing a valuable resource for researchers and fostering innovation in the rapidly evolving field of nanozymes.