Potential Interactions Between Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Herpes Simplex Virus Type II: Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub-Saharan African.

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Roxanne Pillay, Pragalathan Naidoo, Zamathombeni Duma, Khethiwe N Bhengu, Miranda N Mpaka-Mbatha, Nomzamo Nembe-Mafa, Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana
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Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) bears a disproportionate and overlapping burden of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and sexually transmitted viral infections. An estimated 232 million pre-school and school-aged children in SSA are vulnerable to STH infections. Together with this, SSA has a high prevalence of herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2), the primary cause of genital herpes. Studies have examined the immunological interactions between STHs and human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus during co-infections. However, epidemiological and immunological studies on STH-HSV-2 co-infections are lacking, therefore their impact on sexual and reproductive health is not fully understood. STH-driven Th2 immune responses are known to downregulate Th1/Th17 immune responses. Therefore, during STH-HSV-2 co-infections, STH-driven immune responses may alter host immunity to HSV-2 and HSV-2 pathology. Herein, we provide an overview of the burden of STH and HSV-2 infections in SSA, and host immune responses to STH and HSV-2 infections. Further, we emphasize the relevance and urgent need for (i) focused research into the interactions between these important pathogens, and (ii) integrated approaches to improve the clinical detection and management of STH-HSV-2 co-infections in SSA.

土壤传播蠕虫和单纯疱疹病毒II型之间的潜在相互作用:对撒哈拉以南非洲地区性和生殖健康的影响。
撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)承受着土壤传播蠕虫(STHs)和性传播病毒感染的不成比例和重叠负担。SSA估计有2.32亿学前及学龄儿童易受STH感染。与此同时,SSA的单纯疱疹病毒II型(HSV-2)患病率很高,这是生殖器疱疹的主要原因。研究已经检查了STHs与人类免疫缺陷病毒和人乳头瘤病毒在共感染期间的免疫相互作用。然而,缺乏对STH-HSV-2合并感染的流行病学和免疫学研究,因此它们对性健康和生殖健康的影响尚未完全了解。已知sth驱动的Th2免疫反应下调Th1/Th17免疫反应。因此,在STH-HSV-2合并感染期间,sth驱动的免疫反应可能改变宿主对HSV-2和HSV-2病理的免疫。在此,我们概述了SSA中STH和HSV-2感染的负担,以及宿主对STH和HSV-2感染的免疫反应。此外,我们强调,迫切需要(i)集中研究这些重要病原体之间的相互作用,以及(ii)综合方法来提高SSA中STH-HSV-2合并感染的临床检测和管理。
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来源期刊
Biology-Basel
Biology-Basel Biological Science-Biological Science
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
4.80%
发文量
1618
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Biology (ISSN 2079-7737) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published by MDPI online. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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