Self-compassion in chronic pain: Validating the self-compassion scale short-form and exploring initial relationships with pain outcomes.

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

British Journal of Pain Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI:10.1177/20494637241312070

Jenna L Gillett, Arman Rakhimov, Paige Karadag, Kristy Themelis, Chen Ji, Nicole Ky Tang

{"title":"Self-compassion in chronic pain: Validating the self-compassion scale short-form and exploring initial relationships with pain outcomes.","authors":"Jenna L Gillett, Arman Rakhimov, Paige Karadag, Kristy Themelis, Chen Ji, Nicole Ky Tang","doi":"10.1177/20494637241312070","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Validate the English version of the Self-C ompassion Scale S hort-F orm (SCS-SF) as a reliable measure in chronic pain. Explore self-compassion's relationship with pain-related outcomes.Methods: A total of 240 chronic pain patients (at 6-months) and 256 community participants (at 12-months) completed two prospective survey studies. SCS-SF psychometric properties were evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), test-retest reliability (Pearson's r) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) in both samples. Convergent validity/clinical relevance was assessed in the chronic pain sample via univariate linear regressions between self-compassion and pain intensity, interference, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression.Results: The SCS-SF showed acceptable internal consistency in both samples (α > 0.70, range = 0.74-0.79), high test-retest reliability over 6-months in the pain sample (r = 0.81, p < .001) and sub-threshold over 12-months in the community (r = 0.59 p < .001). EFA revealed a two-factor model distinguishing compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding in both samples. CFA identified a one-factor and two-factor model in both samples, but it did not meet statistical thresholds. ESEM identified the best fit for the chronic pain group was for a two-factor model (RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08; CFI and TLI > 0.90), whereas no models met acceptable fit criteria in the community group. A two-bifactor Bayesian model had suitable fit in both groups. In the chronic pain sample, SCS-SF and compassionate self-responding negatively predicted pain intensity, interference, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and positively predicted self-efficacy over 6-months. Uncompassionate self-responding positively predicted anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and negatively predicted self-efficacy but did not predict pain outcomes.Discussion: The SCS-SF is a reliable and valid measure in chronic pain. Total and sub-factor scores appear to have distinct relationships with pain outcomes. Future research should consider self-compassion as a unitary and/or bifactorial (consisting of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding) construct in chronic pain when measured using the SCS-SF.","PeriodicalId":46585,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Pain","volume":" ","pages":"20494637241312070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707776/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"British Journal of Pain","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20494637241312070","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Validate the English version of the Self-C ompassion Scale S hort-F orm (SCS-SF) as a reliable measure in chronic pain. Explore self-compassion's relationship with pain-related outcomes.

Methods: A total of 240 chronic pain patients (at 6-months) and 256 community participants (at 12-months) completed two prospective survey studies. SCS-SF psychometric properties were evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), test-retest reliability (Pearson's r) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) in both samples. Convergent validity/clinical relevance was assessed in the chronic pain sample via univariate linear regressions between self-compassion and pain intensity, interference, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression.

Results: The SCS-SF showed acceptable internal consistency in both samples (α > 0.70, range = 0.74-0.79), high test-retest reliability over 6-months in the pain sample (r = 0.81, p < .001) and sub-threshold over 12-months in the community (r = 0.59 p < .001). EFA revealed a two-factor model distinguishing compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding in both samples. CFA identified a one-factor and two-factor model in both samples, but it did not meet statistical thresholds. ESEM identified the best fit for the chronic pain group was for a two-factor model (RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08; CFI and TLI > 0.90), whereas no models met acceptable fit criteria in the community group. A two-bifactor Bayesian model had suitable fit in both groups. In the chronic pain sample, SCS-SF and compassionate self-responding negatively predicted pain intensity, interference, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and positively predicted self-efficacy over 6-months. Uncompassionate self-responding positively predicted anxiety, depression, catastrophizing and negatively predicted self-efficacy but did not predict pain outcomes.

Discussion: The SCS-SF is a reliable and valid measure in chronic pain. Total and sub-factor scores appear to have distinct relationships with pain outcomes. Future research should consider self-compassion as a unitary and/or bifactorial (consisting of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding) construct in chronic pain when measured using the SCS-SF.

查看原文本刊更多论文

慢性疼痛中的自我同情：验证自我同情量表简式并探索其与疼痛结果的初始关系。

目的：验证英文版自我- c同情量表S短表（SCS-SF）作为慢性疼痛的可靠测量。探索自我同情与疼痛相关结果的关系。方法：共有240名慢性疼痛患者（6个月）和256名社区参与者（12个月）完成了两项前瞻性调查研究。通过探索性因子分析（EFA）和验证性因子分析（CFA）、探索性结构方程模型（ESEM）、重测信度（Pearson’s r）和内部一致性（Cronbach’s α）对两个样本的SCS-SF心理测量特性进行评估。通过自我同情与疼痛强度、干扰、灾难化、自我效能、焦虑和抑郁之间的单变量线性回归，评估慢性疼痛样本的收敛效度/临床相关性。结果：SCS-SF在两个样本中显示出可接受的内部一致性（α > 0.70，范围= 0.74-0.79），在疼痛样本中6个月内具有较高的重测信度（r = 0.81, p < .001），在社区中12个月内具有亚阈值（r = 0.59 p < .001）。EFA揭示了在两个样本中区分同情和非同情自我反应的双因素模型。CFA在两个样本中都发现了单因素和双因素模型，但不符合统计阈值。ESEM发现最适合慢性疼痛组的是双因素模型(RMSEA和SRMR < 0.08；CFI和TLI > 0.90)，而在社区组中没有模型符合可接受的拟合标准。双因子贝叶斯模型对两组均有较好的拟合效果。在慢性疼痛样本中，SCS-SF和同情性自我反应对疼痛强度、干扰、焦虑、抑郁、灾难化有负向预测，对自我效能感有正向预测。无同情心的自我反应正向预测焦虑、抑郁、灾难化和负向预测自我效能，但对疼痛结果没有预测作用。讨论：SCS-SF是一种可靠有效的慢性疼痛测量方法。总因子和子因子得分似乎与疼痛结果有明显的关系。当使用SCS-SF测量慢性疼痛时，未来的研究应该考虑将自我同情作为一个单一和/或双因素（包括同情和不同情的自我反应）的结构。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

British Journal of Pain CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： British Journal of Pain is a peer-reviewed quarterly British journal with an international multidisciplinary Editorial Board. The journal publishes original research and reviews on all major aspects of pain and pain management. Reviews reflect the body of evidence of the topic and are suitable for a multidisciplinary readership. Where empirical evidence is lacking, the reviews reflect the generally held opinions of experts in the field. The Journal has broadened its scope and has become a forum for publishing primary research together with brief reports related to pain and pain interventions. Submissions from all over the world have been published and are welcome. Official journal of the British Pain Society.