Sunil Vasu, Damini Verma, Omal Surya Souraph S, Katha Anki Reddy, Gopinath Packirisamy, Uday Kumar S
{"title":"In Situ Ag-Seeded Lamellar Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets: An Electroactive Interface for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oral Carcinoma via Salivary TNF-α Sensing.","authors":"Sunil Vasu, Damini Verma, Omal Surya Souraph S, Katha Anki Reddy, Gopinath Packirisamy, Uday Kumar S","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01379","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the fast-paced quest for early cancer detection, noninvasive screening techniques have emerged as game-changers, offering simple and accessible avenues for precession diagnostics. In line with this, our study highlights the potential of silver nanoparticle-decorated titanium carbide MXene nanosheets (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_AgNPs) as an electroactive interface for the noninvasive diagnosis of oral carcinoma based on the prevalence of the salivary biomarker, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). An in situ reduction was utilized to synthesize the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_AgNPs nanohybrid, wherein Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> acts as the reducing agent, and the resulting nanohybrid was subjected to various characterization techniques to examine the optical, structural, and morphological attributes. The results revealed that spherical AgNPs formed on the surface of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene nanosheets by virtue of the low-valent Ti species present in Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, which facilitated the reduction of AgNO<sub>3</sub> to AgNPs. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization of the nanohybrid-modified screen-printed electrode (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_AgNPs/SPE) indicated enhanced heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. With these encouraging results, the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_AgNPs nanohybrid was employed as an immobilization matrix for TNF-α antibodies and applied for electrochemical sensing. Analytical studies of the fabricated immunosensor, conducted by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), exhibited a broader linear range (1 to 180 pg mL<sup>-1</sup>), a low limit of detection (0.97 pg mL<sup>-1</sup>), and high sensitivity (1.214 μA mL pg<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) and specificity, even in artificial saliva, indicating its reliability for oral carcinoma diagnosis. Therefore, the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_AgNP nanohybrid seems a promising candidate for the effective sensing of TNF-α and could also be explored for other biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c01379","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the fast-paced quest for early cancer detection, noninvasive screening techniques have emerged as game-changers, offering simple and accessible avenues for precession diagnostics. In line with this, our study highlights the potential of silver nanoparticle-decorated titanium carbide MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2_AgNPs) as an electroactive interface for the noninvasive diagnosis of oral carcinoma based on the prevalence of the salivary biomarker, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). An in situ reduction was utilized to synthesize the Ti3C2_AgNPs nanohybrid, wherein Ti3C2 acts as the reducing agent, and the resulting nanohybrid was subjected to various characterization techniques to examine the optical, structural, and morphological attributes. The results revealed that spherical AgNPs formed on the surface of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets by virtue of the low-valent Ti species present in Ti3C2, which facilitated the reduction of AgNO3 to AgNPs. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization of the nanohybrid-modified screen-printed electrode (Ti3C2_AgNPs/SPE) indicated enhanced heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. With these encouraging results, the Ti3C2_AgNPs nanohybrid was employed as an immobilization matrix for TNF-α antibodies and applied for electrochemical sensing. Analytical studies of the fabricated immunosensor, conducted by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), exhibited a broader linear range (1 to 180 pg mL-1), a low limit of detection (0.97 pg mL-1), and high sensitivity (1.214 μA mL pg-1 cm-2) and specificity, even in artificial saliva, indicating its reliability for oral carcinoma diagnosis. Therefore, the Ti3C2_AgNP nanohybrid seems a promising candidate for the effective sensing of TNF-α and could also be explored for other biomarkers.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications.
The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.