Water Quality Assessment of Ex-Mining Lakes Converted Man-made Wetlands in Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07741-5

Nurul’ Ain Jamion, Khai Ern Lee, Mazlin Mokhtar, Thian Lai Goh

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Abstract

This study assessed the spatial variations of water quality and trophic state of the ex-mining lakes converted into man-made wetlands in Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia. The variations of the parameters were referred to the National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) to determine the water quality index (WQI) and Carlson's Trophic State Index (CTSI), guided by the National Lake Water Quality Standard (NLWQS) to assess the quality and trophic state of lake water. Water sampling was carried out at 13 stations within the Main Lake, Sendayan Lake and Teratai Lake through the DotS sampling method. The potential pollution sources affecting water quality were quantified using a statistical approach, including Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA). The results show that the water quality parameters in some stations exceeded the NLWQS. Pearson analysis shows that nutrients flow with the organic and inorganic matter in the lake. Average WQI values ranged from 62 to 77, indicating slightly polluted to clean water quality in Paya Indah Wetlands. Two factors were found to account for over 82% of the total variation in the dataset when PCA was used to compare the compositional patterns among the samples that were analysed. This suggests that the point source (open areas for development) and non-point source (agriculture-oil palm estate) as well as the natural processes are the main causes of fluctuations in the concentration of the water components. Organic matter and nutrient regimes mainly affect water quality. Even though the lakes at the studied stations are currently hypertrophic, the overall water quality assessment categorises Paya Indah Wetlands as Class III. Hence, Paya Indah Wetlands has great potential to be an alternative water source supplying water to surrounding areas which require extensive water treatment.

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马来西亚雪兰莪州巴耶依达湿地采矿湖改造后的人工湿地水质评价

本研究评估了马来西亚雪兰莪州巴耶依达湿地前采矿湖改造为人工湿地后的水质和营养状况的空间变化。参数变化参照国家水质标准（NWQS）确定水质指数（WQI）和卡尔森营养状态指数（CTSI），以国家湖泊水质标准（NLWQS）为指导评价湖泊水质和营养状态。通过DotS采样法，在美因湖、仙达延湖和特拉泰湖内的13个站点进行了水样采集。采用Pearson’s correlation和主成分分析/因子分析（PCA/FA）等统计方法对影响水质的潜在污染源进行量化。结果表明，部分站点的水质参数超过了国家最高水质标准。皮尔逊分析表明，湖中的营养物质随有机物和无机物流动。平均WQI值在62 ~ 77之间，表明巴雅因达湿地的水质从轻微污染到清洁。当使用PCA来比较被分析样本的组成模式时，发现有两个因素占数据集中总变化的82%以上。这表明，点源（开发开放地区）和非点源（农业-油棕庄园）以及自然过程是造成水组分浓度波动的主要原因。有机质和养分制度主要影响水质。尽管研究站点的湖泊目前是肥厚的，但总体水质评估将巴雅因达湿地列为III类。因此，巴耶因达湿地有很大潜力成为向需要大量水处理的周边地区供水的替代水源。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.