{"title":"Dynamic Viscosity of KF–NaF–AlF3 Cryolite Melts with Sc2O3 and Y2O3 Additions","authors":"A. V. Rudenko, O. Yu. Tkacheva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524701544","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Molten mixtures of sodium and potassium cryolites KF–(10 wt %)NaF–AlF<sub>3</sub> with a cryolite ratio CR = 1.5 are promising electrolytes for the production of aluminum alloys with scandium, yttrium, zirconium, and boron using aluminothermic and electrochemical reduction of alloying component oxides at temperatures of 800–850°C. The viscosity is not only an important technological parameter, but also an information source for the structure and mechanism of viscous flow of a liquid. The dynamic viscosity of the KF–(10 wt %)NaF–AlF<sub>3</sub> (CR = 1.5) melt containing Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (to 9.9 wt %) and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (to 6.5 wt %) oxide additives has been measured at a constant shear rate of 12 s<sup>–1</sup> in the temperature range from the liquidus point to 930°C. The viscosity of the KF–(10 wt %)NaF–AlF<sub>3</sub> (CR = 1.5) melt is found to change from 1.8 to 1.3 mPa s in the temperature range 800–930°C, which is substantially lower than the viscosity of the KF–AlF<sub>3</sub> melt (CR = 1.5), which is 1.7–2.4 MPa s, in a lower temperature range of 800–730°C. Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> oxide additives substantially increase the viscosity, which is related to the formation of complex REM ions and oxifluoroaluminates in the melt during dissolution of the oxides.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 1","pages":"233 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0036029524701544","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract—Molten mixtures of sodium and potassium cryolites KF–(10 wt %)NaF–AlF3 with a cryolite ratio CR = 1.5 are promising electrolytes for the production of aluminum alloys with scandium, yttrium, zirconium, and boron using aluminothermic and electrochemical reduction of alloying component oxides at temperatures of 800–850°C. The viscosity is not only an important technological parameter, but also an information source for the structure and mechanism of viscous flow of a liquid. The dynamic viscosity of the KF–(10 wt %)NaF–AlF3 (CR = 1.5) melt containing Sc2O3 (to 9.9 wt %) and Y2O3 (to 6.5 wt %) oxide additives has been measured at a constant shear rate of 12 s–1 in the temperature range from the liquidus point to 930°C. The viscosity of the KF–(10 wt %)NaF–AlF3 (CR = 1.5) melt is found to change from 1.8 to 1.3 mPa s in the temperature range 800–930°C, which is substantially lower than the viscosity of the KF–AlF3 melt (CR = 1.5), which is 1.7–2.4 MPa s, in a lower temperature range of 800–730°C. Sc2O3 and Y2O3 oxide additives substantially increase the viscosity, which is related to the formation of complex REM ions and oxifluoroaluminates in the melt during dissolution of the oxides.
期刊介绍：
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) publishes results of original experimental and theoretical research in the form of reviews and regular articles devoted to topical problems of metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and treatment of ferrous, nonferrous, rare, and other metals and alloys, intermetallic compounds, and metallic composite materials. The journal focuses on physicochemical properties of metallurgical materials (ores, slags, matters, and melts of metals and alloys); physicochemical processes (thermodynamics and kinetics of pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, electrochemical, and other processes); theoretical metallurgy; metal forming; thermoplastic and thermochemical treatment; computation and experimental determination of phase diagrams and thermokinetic diagrams; mechanisms and kinetics of phase transitions in metallic materials; relations between the chemical composition, phase and structural states of materials and their physicochemical and service properties; interaction between metallic materials and external media; and effects of radiation on these materials.
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