Creating rich closed nanopores in anthracite-derived soft carbon enables greatly-enhanced sodium-ion storage in the low-working-voltage region

IF 13.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2025.159331

Jiawei Gu, Yiwei You, Miao Liu, Ling Huang, Zhefei Sun, Junjie Liu, Liyuan Sha, Minghui Chen, Sha Li, Shunqing Wu, Qiaobao Zhang, Li Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Soft carbon, characterized by its abundant reserves, low cost, and high carbon yield, should have been an important choice for anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), similar to hard carbon. However, traditional high-temperature synthesis tends to graphitize soft carbon, which is extremely detrimental to the adsorption and intercalation of Na⁺ ions. This raises a highly challenging scientific question: whether it is possible to suppress the graphitization of soft carbon and transform it towards closed nanopores favorable for Na⁺ storage during high-temperature treatment. Herein, we introduce flash Joule heating (FJH) technology to treat anthracite with rapid heating and quenching, obtaining metastable soft carbon (anthracite-FJH) containing a large number of short-range ordered graphitic microdomains and their assembled closed nanopores. Benefiting from the abundant closed nanopores, this kinetically-controlled soft carbon exhibits a significantly enhanced Na⁺ adsorption and pore-filling capacity of 309 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, dominantly contributed by the low-voltage plateau. Moreover, a reversible specific capacity of 256.2 mAh g⁻¹ is maintained at 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 93.2 % after 200 cycles. We experimentally and theoretically explicitly disclose the “carbon microstructure regulation-Na⁺ storage mechanism” relationship. This work paves the way for the disruptive synthesis of high-capacity soft carbon SIB anodes based on anthracite

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来源期刊

Chemical Engineering Journal 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

21.70

自引率

9.30%

发文量

6781

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Chemical Engineering Journal is an international research journal that invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. It aims to provide an international platform for presenting original fundamental research, interpretative reviews, and discussions on new developments in chemical engineering. The journal welcomes papers that describe novel theory and its practical application, as well as those that demonstrate the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. It also welcomes reports on carefully conducted experimental work that is soundly interpreted. The main focus of the journal is on original and rigorous research results that have broad significance. The Catalysis section within the Chemical Engineering Journal focuses specifically on Experimental and Theoretical studies in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. These studies have industrial impact on various sectors such as chemicals, energy, materials, foods, healthcare, and environmental protection.