Rhomboid Intercostal and Subserratus Plane Block for Acute Pain Management after Abdominal Surgeries: A Narrative Review.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane (RISS) block is an effective, safer alternative for managing postoperative acute pain following abdominal surgeries. The RISS block offers several advantages over traditional approaches, including reduced incidence of puncture-related complications, lower rates of systemic opioid consumption, and more consistent analgesic coverage of lower thoracic dermatomes.

Recent findings: Despite a favorable safety profile, the RISS block carries potential risks, such as pneumothorax and local anesthetic systemic toxicity, particularly when long-acting anesthetics such as bupivacaine or ropivacaine are used. Careful administration with ultrasound guidance minimizes these risks, enhancing patient safety. Compared to epidural and paravertebral blocks, RISS is associated with fewer instances of nerve damage, hemodynamic instability, and bleeding. Research suggests that RISS not only improves postoperative pain scores, but also extends duration of analgesic effect, reducing total opioid use by nearly 40%.

Conclusion: Future directions include clinical trials to validate efficacy across diverse patient populations, comparative studies with other regional blocks, and evaluations of long-term outcomes. Expanding our understanding of RISS block application may help advance multimodal pain management protocols, underscoring potential to improve recovery, reduce opioid dependency, and elevate patient quality of life in postoperative settings.