Medicago2035: Genomes, Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding.

Abstract

Medicago, a member of the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, encompasses the most significant forage crops globally, notably alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Its close diploid relative, Medicago truncatula, serves as an exemplary model plant for investigating leguminous growth and development, as well as its symbiosis with rhizobia. Over the past decade, advancements in Medicago genomics have significantly progressed our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying various traits. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the progress made in the fields of genomics research, growth and development (comprising compound leaf development, shoot branching, flowering time regulation, inflorescence development, floral organ development, and seed dormancy), resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia, as well as molecular breeding. Furthermore, we propose avenues for future research endeavors in Medicago molecular biology for the upcoming decade, highlighting those areas that have yet to be untapped or remain ambiguous.