Irradiation and DOM mediate Lead Release from Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Natural Surface Water

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.137080

Mingyang Zhang, Yu Zeng, Qinglong Fu, Peixin Cui, Ning Chen, Yujun Wang, Dongmei Zhou, Guodong Fang

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Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used plastic, but the potential risk of heavy metal additive release from PVC microplastics (MPs) has not been fully explored. This study evaluates the release of lead (Pb) from recycled PVC MPs under natural conditions. The released Pb concentration in the dark was 1079.5-1109.7, 551.4-571.6, and 374.1-433.0 μg/L in agricultural, sea, and river/lake water, respectively. In contrast, the Pb release was markedly inhibited by 34.1-59.1% under irradiation. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), fluorescence emission-excitation matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, and Mantel test revealed that the dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially lignin/carboxyl-rich acyclic component (41.8-84.8%), can complex with Pb to facilitate its release from PVC in the dark. However, the Pb released upon irradiation was first promoted and then inhibited. The promotion ascribed to the broken of MPs by reactive intermediates (RIs) including ³DOM*, ¹O₂, and ^•OH [(0.5-12.6) × 10^-13, (1.2-10.9) × 10^-13 and (0.1-8.9) × 10^-17mol/L, respectively]. The inhibition was attributed to two reasons: the photobleaching of DOM reduced Pb dissolution complexed by DOM; the increase of oxygen-containing functional groups enhanced the Pb adsorption on the surface of MPs. In addition, the Pb released from PVC MPs significantly inhibits the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. in seawater. These findings reveal the complicated release mechanism of Pb from MPs under environmental conditions.

Environmental Implication

PVC MPs are prevalent in natural surface waters, and the mechanism and potential risk of the Pb release from MPs under environmentally relevant conditions are largely unknown. To fill this gap, the Pb release was explored in different types of surface water under different conditions. The results highlight the crucial roles of the DOM, irradiation and RIs in the release of Pb from PVC MPs. Among these factors, photo-induced RIs from DOM have dual effects on the release of Pb from PVC MPs, which is attributed to the properties of the pollutant and environmental conditions.

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辐照和DOM介导天然地表水中聚氯乙烯微塑料中的铅释放

聚氯乙烯（PVC）是一种应用广泛的塑料，但聚氯乙烯微塑料（MPs）中重金属添加剂释放的潜在风险尚未得到充分研究。本研究评估了自然条件下再生聚氯乙烯MPs中铅的释放。农业水体、海洋水体和河湖水体黑暗中Pb释放浓度分别为1079.5 ~ 1109.7、551.4 ~ 571.6和374.1 ~ 433.0 μg/L。相比之下，辐照对Pb释放的抑制作用明显为34.1-59.1%。傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）、荧光发射激发矩阵（EEM）光谱和Mantel测试表明，溶解的有机物（DOM），特别是木质素/富含羧基的无环成分（41.8-84.8%），可以与Pb在黑暗中配合，促进Pb从PVC中释放。但辐照后释放的铅先被促进后被抑制。活性中间体（RIs）包括3DOM*、1O2和•OH[分别为（0.5-12.6）× 10-13、（1.2-10.9）× 10-13和（0.1-8.9）× 10-17 mol/L]破坏了MPs。抑制作用主要有两个原因：DOM的光漂白降低了DOM对Pb的络合溶解；含氧官能团的增加增强了MPs表面对Pb的吸附。此外，聚氯乙烯MPs释放的Pb显著抑制了海水中纳米绿藻的生长。这些发现揭示了环境条件下MPs中Pb的复杂释放机制。聚氯乙烯MPs普遍存在于天然地表水中，在环境相关条件下MPs释放Pb的机制和潜在风险在很大程度上是未知的。为了填补这一空白，研究了不同类型地表水在不同条件下的Pb释放情况。这些结果强调了DOM、辐照和RIs在PVC MPs中释放Pb的关键作用。其中，DOM光诱导的RIs对PVC MPs中Pb的释放具有双重影响，这与污染物的性质和环境条件有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.