Fates of nutrient elements and heavy metals during thermal conversion of cattle slurry-derived anaerobic digestates.

IF 4.3 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Daniel J Lane, Olli Sippula, Jorma Jokiniemi, Mikko Heimonen, Niko M Kinnunen, Perttu Virkajärvi, Narasinha Shurpali
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Abstract

Thermal processes are emerging as promising solutions to recovering phosphorus and other nutrient elements from anaerobic digestates. The feasibility of nutrient element recovery depends largely on the fates of nutrient elements and heavy metals during thermal processing. This study assesses the partitioning of macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg) and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Mn) between condensed and gaseous phases during thermal conversion of cattle slurry digestates in gas atmospheres of pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification processes. This study also assesses the chemical forms of macronutrients retained in combustion ashes. The partitioning of elements between condensed and gaseous phases was quantified by mass balances based on elemental analyses of char and ash residues. The char and ash residues were prepared in a fixed-bed, batch reactor at temperatures within the range 800-1000 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to identify the chemical forms of macronutrient elements in combustion ashes. Volatilisation of P was low (< 20%) when the digestates were heated in inert and oxidising atmospheres, whereas a reducing atmosphere volatilized P to a major extent (~ 60% at 1000 °C). Oxidising atmospheres increased volatilisation of N but suppressed volatilisation of K, Na, and Zn. Volatilisation of the following elements was low (< 30%) in all investigated operating conditions: Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu. The combustion ashes contained both high concentrations of P (around 7 w/w%) and acceptable concentrations of regulated heavy metals (Cu, and Zn) for application on agricultural and forest soils in Finland. Phosphorous was retained in the combustion ashes in the form of whitlockite. This form of P is expected to be available to plants when the ashes are added to soil.

牛浆液厌氧消化液热转化过程中营养元素和重金属的命运。
从厌氧污泥中回收磷和其他营养元素的热处理方法正在成为一种有前途的解决方案。营养元素回收的可行性在很大程度上取决于热加工过程中营养元素和重金属的去向。本研究评估了牛浆液在热解、燃烧和气化过程中热转化过程中,常量营养素(N、P、K、Na、Ca和Mg)和重金属(Zn、Cu和Mn)在冷凝相和气相之间的分配。本研究还评估了燃烧灰烬中保留的大量营养素的化学形式。基于炭和灰渣的元素分析,通过质量平衡定量了元素在凝聚相和气相之间的分配。在800-1000°C的温度范围内,在固定床间歇式反应器中制备焦炭和灰渣。采用粉末x射线衍射法测定了燃烧灰中常量营养元素的化学形态。P的挥发量很低(
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来源期刊
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Bioresources and Bioprocessing BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
8.70%
发文量
118
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Bioresources and Bioprocessing (BIOB) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published under the brand SpringerOpen. BIOB aims at providing an international academic platform for exchanging views on and promoting research to support bioresource development, processing and utilization in a sustainable manner. As an application-oriented research journal, BIOB covers not only the application and management of bioresource technology but also the design and development of bioprocesses that will lead to new and sustainable production processes. BIOB publishes original and review articles on most topics relating to bioresource and bioprocess engineering, including: -Biochemical and microbiological engineering -Biocatalysis and biotransformation -Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering -Bioprocess and biosystems engineering -Bioenergy and biorefinery -Cell culture and biomedical engineering -Food, agricultural and marine biotechnology -Bioseparation and biopurification engineering -Bioremediation and environmental biotechnology
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