High water iodine levels are associated with the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules and goiter among pregnant women in Shandong, China.
Zhiyuan Ren, Wenxing Guo, Junjing Li, Yuangui Cheng, Wen Jiang, Wei Wang, Min Gao, Wen Wu, Ziyun Pan, Ying Yang, Elizabeth N Pearce, Shuyao Dong, Chongdan Wang, WanQi Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can harm the thyroid glands during pregnancy. In areas without iodine fortification, the relationship between the water iodine concentration (WIC) and thyroid disease in pregnant women requires further investigation.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between water iodine levels and the prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnant women residing in areas with high water iodine levels without access to iodized salt.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shandong Province. Water and urine samples were collected, and the iodine content was assessed. Venous blood samples were taken to measure thyroid hormones and antibodies. Ultrasound was used to assess thyroid size and detect nodules.
Results: A total of 1073 pregnant women were included in this study. As the WIC increased, the urinary iodine concentration also increased, according to linear regression analysis (β=0.5; P<0.001). The lowest prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) was observed at a WIC of 10-40 μg/L, while the lowest prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) and goiter was seen at a WIC of 40-100 μg/L. Logistic regression analysis showed that WIC was significantly associated with thyroid diseases. WIC<10 μg/L was associated with TD prevalence (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.1), and WIC>100 μg/L was associated with SH, TN, and goiter prevalence (OR [SH]: 10.8; 95% CI: 1.4, 84.0; OR [TN]: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.6; OR [goiter]: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.6).
Conclusions: WIC is associated with thyroid function among pregnant women. WIC<10 μg/L is a risk factor for TD, while WIC>100 μg/L is a risk factor for SH, TN, and goiter. These findings suggest that intermediate WICs are most conducive to thyroid health in pregnant women, and that assessing local WICs could help improve maternal health.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Nutrition (JN/J Nutr) publishes peer-reviewed original research papers covering all aspects of experimental nutrition in humans and other animal species; special articles such as reviews and biographies of prominent nutrition scientists; and issues, opinions, and commentaries on controversial issues in nutrition. Supplements are frequently published to provide extended discussion of topics of special interest.
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