{"title":"Structured training on gross motor skills and physical fitness in 4-5-year-old children.","authors":"Sheng Quan, Yutong Liao, Yulin Ji, Shuwen Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fped.2024.1466911","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preschool children are in a period of rapid physical development, and improving their gross motor skills and physical fitness is quite important for their health. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a structured physical training program in improving Chinese preschool children's gross motor development and physical fitness.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 80 children aged 4 to 5 from Fujian, China, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (<i>N</i> = 41), which received a 15-week structured physical training, while the control group (<i>N</i> = 39) continued with their daily physical activity. The Test of Gross Motor Development-3, and the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual -Preschool Children Version (2003) were assessed before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A series of ANCOVA analyses revealed significant group differences in aspects of gross motor skills (<i>F</i> = 10.17, <i>p</i> < 0.01) including locomotor skills (<i>F</i> = 5.31, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and ball skills (<i>F</i> = 15.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001) after controlling the effect of the age, sex, and pre-test scores. Moreover, the results also indicated a higher improvement in young children's physical fitness (<i>F</i> = 91.33, <i>p</i> < 0.001) including their body shape (<i>F</i> = 5.05, <i>p</i> < 0.05), health-related fitness (<i>F</i> = 43.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and skill-related fitness (<i>F</i> = 61.47, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in the intervention group over the control group. The results demonstrated that the effect size of the structured training on young children's health-related fitness (<i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.38) and skill-related fitness (<i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.50) was much stronger than on children's body shape (<i>η</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The structured training program effectively improved young children's gross motor skills and physical fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12637,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","volume":"12 ","pages":"1466911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671255/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1466911","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Preschool children are in a period of rapid physical development, and improving their gross motor skills and physical fitness is quite important for their health. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a structured physical training program in improving Chinese preschool children's gross motor development and physical fitness.
Method: A sample of 80 children aged 4 to 5 from Fujian, China, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (N = 41), which received a 15-week structured physical training, while the control group (N = 39) continued with their daily physical activity. The Test of Gross Motor Development-3, and the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual -Preschool Children Version (2003) were assessed before and after the intervention.
Results: A series of ANCOVA analyses revealed significant group differences in aspects of gross motor skills (F = 10.17, p < 0.01) including locomotor skills (F = 5.31, p < 0.05) and ball skills (F = 15.09, p < 0.001) after controlling the effect of the age, sex, and pre-test scores. Moreover, the results also indicated a higher improvement in young children's physical fitness (F = 91.33, p < 0.001) including their body shape (F = 5.05, p < 0.05), health-related fitness (F = 43.09, p < 0.001), and skill-related fitness (F = 61.47, p < 0.001) in the intervention group over the control group. The results demonstrated that the effect size of the structured training on young children's health-related fitness (η2 = 0.38) and skill-related fitness (η2 = 0.50) was much stronger than on children's body shape (η2 = 0.07).
Conclusion: The structured training program effectively improved young children's gross motor skills and physical fitness.
目的：学龄前儿童正处于身体快速发育时期，提高他们的大动作技能和身体素质对他们的健康至关重要。本研究旨在探讨结构化体育训练方案在促进中国学龄前儿童大动作发展和身体素质方面的有效性。方法：选取福建省4 ~ 5岁儿童80例，随机分为干预组（N = 41）和对照组（N = 39），干预组接受为期15周的有组织的体育训练，对照组继续进行日常体育活动。在干预前后分别进行大肌肉运动发展测试-3和国家体质测试标准手册-学龄前儿童版（2003）的评估。结果：经ANCOVA分析，大运动技能（F = 10.17, p F = 5.31, p F = 15.09, p F = 91.33, p F = 5.05, p F = 43.09, p F = 61.47, p η 2 = 0.38）和技能相关体能（η 2 = 0.50）显著高于儿童体型（η 2 = 0.07）。结论：结构化训练方案能有效提高幼儿的大动作技能和身体素质。
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Pediatrics (Impact Factor 2.33) publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research broadly across the field, from basic to clinical research that meets ongoing challenges in pediatric patient care and child health. Field Chief Editors Arjan Te Pas at Leiden University and Michael L. Moritz at the Children''s Hospital of Pittsburgh are supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.
Frontiers in Pediatrics also features Research Topics, Frontiers special theme-focused issues managed by Guest Associate Editors, addressing important areas in pediatrics. In this fashion, Frontiers serves as an outlet to publish the broadest aspects of pediatrics in both basic and clinical research, including high-quality reviews, case reports, editorials and commentaries related to all aspects of pediatrics.
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