Investigating a new alarming outbreak of flavescence dorée in Tuscany (Central Italy): molecular characterization and map gene typing elucidate the complex phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agroecosystem.

IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Frontiers in Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fpls.2024.1489790
Athos Pedrelli, Marco Carli, Alessandra Panattoni, Elisa Pellegrini, Domenico Rizzo, Cristina Nali, Lorenzo Cotrozzi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a major grapevine disease in Europe, despite the quarantine status of its causal agent [FD phytoplasma (FDp)] and the mandatory monitoring and vector control practices. As alarming FD epidemic outbreaks continue to appear in Tuscany (Central Italy), a 4-year survey was carried out in the main wine-growing areas of the region, where FD presence was investigated in both primary and secondary FDp hosts and vectors, i.e., Vitis vinifera (VV), Clematis vitalba (CV), Alnus glutinosa (AG), Scaphoideus titanus (ST), and Dictyophara europaea (DE). This work i) confirmed FD diffusion in almost the whole of Tuscany and even with an increased occurrence rate (approximately 50% of the samples tested positive); ii) highlighted a complex FDp ecology also in the Tuscan vineyard agroecosystem, as FDp was reported not only in VV and ST but also in secondary vectors (DE) and hosts (AG and CV); iii) reported nine FDp strains (three of which were novel) belonging to all the three methionine aminopeptidase (map) clusters, i.e., map-FD1, map-FD2, and map-FD3, with the map-FD3/M51 genotype mostly reported in not only VV but also DE and CV; and iv) further confirmed a complex FDp ecology in the vineyard agroecosystem, also by phylogenetic analyses carried out at both Italian and European levels, which also showed some relations between the Tuscan FDp strains and those reported in the Balkan and the French scenarios. We believe that the outcomes reported here will be useful in preventing and controlling the spread of harmful FD.

在意大利中部托斯卡纳调查了一起新的令人震惊的黄萎病暴发:分子特征和图谱基因分型阐明了葡萄园农业生态系统中复杂的植物原体生态学。
尽管其致病因子[黄斑变性植物原体(FDp)]处于检疫状态,并且强制监测和媒介控制措施,但在欧洲,黄斑变性是一种主要的葡萄病害。由于令人担忧的口蹄疫疫情在托斯卡纳(意大利中部)继续出现,在该地区的主要葡萄酒产区开展了一项为期4年的调查,调查了口蹄疫在葡萄(Vitis vinifera)、铁线莲(Clematis vitalba)、Alnus glutinosa (AG)、Scaphoideus titanus (ST)和Dictyophara europaea (DE)等口蹄疫主要和次要宿主和媒介中的存在情况。这项工作i)证实了FD几乎在整个托斯卡纳地区扩散,甚至发病率有所增加(约50%的样本检测呈阳性);ii)强调了托斯卡纳葡萄园农业生态系统中复杂的FDp生态系统,因为FDp不仅在VV和ST中被报道,而且在次级媒介(DE)和宿主(AG和CV)中也被报道;iii)报告了9株FDp菌株(其中3株为新菌株),分别属于map- fd1、map- fd2和map- fd3 3个蛋氨酸氨基肽酶(map)群,其中map- fd3 /M51基因型不仅在VV中报道最多,在DE和CV中也报道最多;iv)进一步证实了葡萄园农业生态系统中复杂的FDp生态,也通过在意大利和欧洲水平进行的系统发育分析,这也表明托斯卡纳FDp菌株与巴尔干和法国情景中报告的菌株之间存在一些关系。我们相信本文报道的结果将有助于预防和控制有害FD的传播。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Plant Science
Frontiers in Plant Science PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
4844
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: In an ever changing world, plant science is of the utmost importance for securing the future well-being of humankind. Plants provide oxygen, food, feed, fibers, and building materials. In addition, they are a diverse source of industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals. Plants are centrally important to the health of ecosystems, and their understanding is critical for learning how to manage and maintain a sustainable biosphere. Plant science is extremely interdisciplinary, reaching from agricultural science to paleobotany, and molecular physiology to ecology. It uses the latest developments in computer science, optics, molecular biology and genomics to address challenges in model systems, agricultural crops, and ecosystems. Plant science research inquires into the form, function, development, diversity, reproduction, evolution and uses of both higher and lower plants and their interactions with other organisms throughout the biosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science welcomes outstanding contributions in any field of plant science from basic to applied research, from organismal to molecular studies, from single plant analysis to studies of populations and whole ecosystems, and from molecular to biophysical to computational approaches. Frontiers in Plant Science publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Plant Science. The mission of Frontiers in Plant Science is to bring all relevant Plant Science areas together on a single platform.
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