ON THE ISSUE OF RADON EXPOSURE IN THE EXISTING RADIATION SITUATION AT WORKPLACES.

T O Pavlenko, M A Fryziuk, O Ye Tarasiuk
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Abstract

Objective: assessment of probable exposure levels from radon and NORM in workplaces within the context of justi fying radiation protection plans in an existing exposure situation.

Materials and methods: Materials regarding the assessment of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) con tent in tailing from mining and processing industries in Ukraine and assessments of contamination levels of industri al sites of oil and gas enterprises were used for estimating the probable range of effective doses (ED) of workers fromNORM at industrial enterprises. These materials were obtained as a result of research conducted by specialists from theRadiation Protection Laboratory of the State Institution «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NationalAcademy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (RP SI «IPH NAMSU»). The results of studies conducted by the StateInstitution «Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Industrial Medicine» (SI «UKRMEDPROM») were used for calcu lating the EDs of iron ore miners. Calculations of probable EDs of industrial enterprise workers were carried out usingmethodologies and recommendations from publications of the IAEA related to occupational exposure. Assessments ofexposure levels for office workers were based on measurements of indoor radon concentrations of first-floor premisesin multi-story buildings of industrial urban development from the laboratory's own databases. Radon measurements inindoor air were conducted using passive track etch radon detectors with an exposure time of at least 30 days.Calculations of EDs for office workers were carried out using dose coefficients and mathematical models from the ICRP.

Results: When workers are exposed to radon as a result of the technological process, radiation exposure is limitedby dose criteria. Using non-uranium miners as an example, it was shown that effective doses (ED) due to gammaradiation varied within a narrow range, ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mSv/year, and were on average an order of magnitudelower than the radon component of the total ED for the two groups of mines, which amounted to 2.0-14.0 mSv/yearfor the Northern group and 0.3-0.8 mSv/year for the Southern group. For three underground worker specialties, radi ation EDs could potentially exceed the reference level of 6 mSv/year and fall under regulatory control. Potentialradiation EDs for workers at one of the Ukrainian oil fields were generally not significant (<0.1-1 mSv/year), exceptfor areas where used pipe storage and sludge settlers were located (70.0 mSv/year; 28.0 mSv/year at a distance of10 meters), near which dose limits for Category A personnel (6 mSv/year), falling under regulatory control, wereexceeded. Radon exposure in workplaces also includes the presence of workers in regular office premises on the firstfloors of multi-story buildings, where the main source of radon entry into the air is the underlying soil. For the mostresearched regions of Ukraine (~1200 measurements of radon activity concentrations in first-floor premises), it wasfound that the reference level of 300 Bq/m3 is exceeded in 0.2-0.5% of cases in certain regions, indicating thatpotentially the reference level may be exceeded in tens of thousands of premises.

Conclusions: A differentiated approach is justified for assessing the hazards of workplaces, allowing for optimizingradiation protection for workers at a reasonable cost and saving significant resources for enterprises. Effective doses(ED) of radiation for workers at enterprises where radon is an integral part of the technological process vary widelyand can differ by an order of magnitude even within the same enterprise. Reference levels of 300 Bq/m3 may beexceeded in tens of thousands of office premises, and only through direct measurements of radon activity concen trations in building air can such premises be identified.

关于工作场所现有辐射情况下的氡暴露问题。
目的:在证明现有照射情况下的辐射防护计划的背景下,评估工作场所氡和NORM可能的照射水平。材料和方法:关于评估乌克兰采矿和加工工业的尾矿中天然存在的放射性物质(NORM)含量以及评估石油和天然气企业工业场地的污染水平的材料,用于估计工业企业中从事NORM的工人的可能有效剂量范围。这些材料是由国家机构«O.M.»辐射防护实验室的专家进行研究的结果乌克兰国家医学科学院marz涅耶夫公共卫生研究所»(RP SI«IPH NAMSU»)。国家机构“乌克兰工业医学科学研究所”(SI“UKRMEDPROM”)进行的研究结果用于计算铁矿石矿工的EDs。利用原子能机构有关职业暴露的出版物中的方法和建议,计算了工业企业工人可能的辐射强度。办公室工作人员的暴露水平评估是基于实验室自己的数据库中对工业城市发展多层建筑一层房屋的室内氡浓度的测量。室内空气中的氡测量使用被动轨迹蚀刻氡探测器进行,暴露时间至少为30天。使用ICRP的剂量系数和数学模型计算办公室工作人员的EDs。结果:当工人因工艺过程而暴露于氡时,辐射暴露受到剂量标准的限制。以非铀矿工人为例,结果表明,伽玛辐射的有效剂量(ED)变化范围很窄,在0.2至0.4毫西弗/年之间,平均比两组矿山的总ED中的氡成分低一个数量级,北方组为2.0至14.0毫西弗/年,南方组为0.3至0.8毫西弗/年。对于三个地下工人专业,辐射ed可能超过6毫西弗/年的参考水平,属于监管控制范围。乌克兰某油田工人的潜在辐射EDs一般不显著(结论:采用差异化方法评估工作场所的危害是合理的,可以以合理的成本优化工人的辐射保护,并为企业节省大量资源。)在氡是技术过程组成部分的企业中,工人的有效辐射剂量差别很大,即使在同一企业内也可能相差一个数量级。数以万计的办公场所可能超过300 Bq/m3的参考水平,只有通过直接测量建筑物空气中的氡活度浓度才能确定这些办公场所。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii
Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii Medicine-Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
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