Integrative taxonomy of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchida) in China, with the description of two new species and the characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of Pseudoacanthocephalus sichuanensis sp. n. and Pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Cui-Hong Zhao, Rui-Jia Yang, Si-Si Ru, Hui-Xia Chen, Dai-Xuan Li, Liang Li
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Acanthocephalans (thorny headed worms) of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus mainly parasitize amphibians and reptiles across the globe. Some species of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus also can accidentally infect human and cause human acanthocephaliasis. Current knowledge of the species composition of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus from amphibians and reptiles in China is incomplete. An insufficiency of genetic data on species of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus, including the complete mitochondrial genomes, has limited the use of molecular-based methods to better define the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus. A more rigorous molecular phylogeny with broader representatives of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus is required to further clarify the systematic status of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae.

Methods: Many specimens of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus collected from toads and frogs in China were identified to species level using integrated morphological methods (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular approaches (sequencing different nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers). The Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods were applied for species delimitation. The complete mitochondrial genomes of two Pseudoacanthocephalus species were also sequenced and annotated to enrich the body of mitogenomic data on acanthocephalans. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) of mitochondrial genomes of acanthocephalans using maximum likelihood (ML) and BI were performed to further investigate the phylogenetic position of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae in the order Echinorhynchida.

Results: Three Pseudoacanthocephalus species, including P. sichuanensis sp. n., P. previatesticulus sp. n. and P. nguyenthileae were described. The results of ASAP and BI analyses based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and subunit 2 (cox1, cox2) and 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) sequences supported the separation of P. sichuanensis and P. previatesticulus from the congeneric species. The results of BI inference using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), cox1, cox2 and 12S sequence data indicated that P. sichuanensis and P. nguyenthileae have a closer relationship than P. previatesticulus and P. bufonis in Pseudoacanthocephalus. The complete mitogenomes of P. sichuanensis and P. nguyenthileae have 15,812 and 13,701 bp, respectively, with both including 36 genes and two non-coding regions. Phylogenetic results based on mitogenomic data demonstrated that the two families Pseudoacanthocephalidae and Arhythmacanthidae have a sister relationship in the order Echinorhynchida.

Conclusions: Two new species of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus, namely P. sichuanensis sp. n. and P. previatesticulus sp. n., were identified based on integrated evidence. This is the first report of P. nguyenthileae in China. A revised key for the species of the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus was provided. Molecular analyses revealed that the mitochondrial cox1, cox2 and 12S genes as genetic markers seem to be more suitable for species delimitation of Pseudoacanthocephalus than the nuclear ITS region. BI results suggested a close affinity between P. sichuanensis and P. nguyenthileae. The mitochondrial genomic data of P. sichuanensis and P. nguyenthileae are provided for the first time. Mitogenomic phylogenetic results further confirmed the validity of the family Pseudoacanthocephalidae.

中国Pseudoacanthocephalus(棘头目:棘头目)属的综合分类,包括两个新种的描述和Pseudoacanthocephalus sichuanensis sp. n.和Pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae的线粒体基因组特征。
背景:棘头虫属(Pseudoacanthocephalus)主要寄生在全球的两栖动物和爬行动物身上。假棘头虫属的某些种也可意外感染人,引起人棘头病。目前对中国两栖动物和爬行动物中假棘头属的物种组成的了解尚不完整。由于包括线粒体全基因组在内的假棘头属物种遗传数据的不足,限制了基于分子的方法更好地定义假棘头属的分类和系统发育。为了进一步明确拟棘头科的系统地位,需要对拟棘头属进行更严格的分子系统学研究。方法:采用形态学(光镜和扫描电镜)和分子生物学(核和线粒体遗传标记测序)相结合的方法,对中国蟾蜍和青蛙的伪棘头属标本进行种级鉴定。采用自动划分装配物种(ASAP)和贝叶斯推理(BI)方法进行物种划分。对两种假棘头动物的线粒体全基因组进行了测序和注释,以丰富棘头动物的有丝分裂基因组数据。此外,利用最大似然(ML)和BI对棘头动物线粒体基因组12个蛋白编码基因(PCGs)的氨基酸序列进行系统发育分析,进一步确定棘头动物科在棘头动物目中的系统发育位置。结果:共发现四川假棘头目(P. sichuanensis sp.)、四川假棘头目(P. previatesticulus sp.)和云南假棘头目(P. nguyenthileae) 3种。基于细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1和亚基2 (cox1, cox2)和12S核糖体RNA (12S)序列的ASAP和BI分析结果支持四川紫杉和预花紫杉是同源种。基于ITS、cox1、cox2和12S序列数据的BI推断结果表明,P. sichuanensis和P. nguyenthileae的亲缘关系比P. previatesticulus和P. bufonis的亲缘关系更近。四川p.p . sichuan和p.p . nguyenthileae的完整有丝分裂基因组分别为15,812和13,701 bp,均包含36个基因和2个非编码区。基于有丝分裂基因组数据的系统发育结果表明,假棘头虫科和棘头虫科在棘头虫目中有亲缘关系。结论:在综合证据的基础上,发现了四川假棘头蝇属和预棘头蝇属2个新种。这是中国首次报道的P. nguyenthileae。给出了拟棘头藻属的一种修正的检索键。分子分析表明,线粒体cox1、cox2和12S基因作为遗传标记似乎比核ITS区更适合用于拟棘头鱼的种界划分。BI结果表明,P. sichuanensis与P. nguyenthileae亲缘关系密切。本文首次获得了四川p.p . chuanensis和P. nguyenthileae的线粒体基因组数据。有丝分裂基因组系统发育结果进一步证实了假棘头科的有效性。
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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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