Nitrate Nightmares: Nitrate Contamination and Health Risks in a Rapidly Expanding City of Central India

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07703-3

Yogesh Murkute, Soumya Ranjan Hota, Rabindra Nath Hota, Shreerup Goswami, Rosalin Das

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Abstract

Nitrate pollution in drinking water poses a hidden, worldwide health risk, affecting people of all ages. Consumption of nitrate-contaminated groundwater can lead to methemoglobinemia in infants and gastric cancer in adults. This study examines nitrate contamination in dug well water and its health impact in urban Nagpur, India. The nitrate pollution index (NPI), an effective tool for evaluating the pollution of groundwater due to NO₃⁻ content, which we have utilized in city area and in our study the NPI has found to vary from 0.76 to 11.54 with an average value of 4.81. As per NPI, 70%, 5%, 5%, 15% and 5% of groundwater samples are very significantly polluted, significantly polluted, moderately polluted, slightly polluted and unpolluted. The chronic health risk (CHR) for infants, children, adult males and females varies from 0.07—3.52, 0.08—4.07, 0.06—3.01 and 0.06—2.85 and covers 87%, 90.5%, 89% and 85.5% of the study area respectively. The geo-statistical regression and correlation studies significantly divulged that the NO₃⁻ pollution of groundwater is mostly due to man-made activities. The samples, in which the computed values of ‘t’ exceeded the critical value (1.686) at 38 degrees of freedom and 0.05 significance level, the correlation coefficients are found to be statistically significant. The study uncovers human-driven NO₃⁻ pollution in shallow aquifers of Nagpur city, urging action to reduce contaminants. By curbing these pollutants, Nagpur can stride toward UNDP's sustainable development Goal, 2030 for a safer, healthier environment for all.

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硝酸盐噩梦：印度中部一个快速扩张城市的硝酸盐污染和健康风险

饮用水中的硝酸盐污染构成了一种隐藏的全球健康风险，影响到所有年龄段的人。饮用受硝酸盐污染的地下水可导致婴儿高铁血红蛋白血症和成人胃癌。本研究考察了印度那格浦尔城市挖井水中的硝酸盐污染及其对健康的影响。硝酸盐污染指数（NPI）是评价地下水NO3−污染的有效工具，我们在城市地区使用了NPI，在我们的研究中发现NPI在0.76 ~ 11.54之间变化，平均值为4.81。根据NPI， 70%、5%、5%、15%和5%的地下水样品被严重污染、严重污染、中度污染、轻度污染和未污染。婴儿、儿童、成年男性和女性的慢性健康风险（CHR）分别为0.07 ~ 3.52、0.08 ~ 4.07、0.06 ~ 3.01和0.06 ~ 2.85，占研究区面积的87%、90.5%、89%和85.5%。地质统计回归和相关研究表明，地下水NO3−污染主要是人为活动造成的。在38自由度和0.05显著性水平上，计算值t超过临界值（1.686）的样本，发现相关系数具有统计学意义。该研究揭示了那格浦尔市浅层中人为造成的NO3−污染，敦促采取行动减少污染物。通过遏制这些污染物，那格浦尔可以朝着联合国开发计划署2030年可持续发展目标迈进，为所有人提供更安全、更健康的环境。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.