Green human resource management practices in the hospitality and tourism industry: An integrative multilevel systematic review

Abstract

Green Human Resource Management (HRM) has become a crucial means for enhancing sustainable business performance and meeting environmental standards, particularly in the hospitality and tourism industry. Despite growing interest, the literature remains fragmented. This paper addresses this issue by offering an integrative, evidence-based framework that synthesises 77 empirical studies through the PRISMA systematic review approach. Using the Antecedents-Decisions-Outcomes (ADO) and Theories-Contexts-Methods (TCM) frameworks, the review identifies key research gaps, including the limited applicability of existing theories to capture multilevel outcomes, geographic and industry-wide limitations, and inadequate methodological and analytical rigour. Furthermore, there is an insufficient exploration of antecedents, decisions, and inconsistencies in outcomes, including the underexamined dark side of Green HRM practices such as greenwashing and employee burnout. This pioneering review sets the stage for advancing Green HRM research by proposing eleven research questions ranging from antecedents, decisions and outcomes, along with six research objectives focusing on theories, contexts, and methods.