Insights into the role of attapulgite clay on the efficient removal of microplastics by sand filters in various waters

IF 13.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Jizhe Lu, Shuo Sun, Xiaolong Jiang, Dongfang Wang, Yanan Liu, Quanyuan Chen, Hyunjung Kim, Xiaopeng Min, Li Cai
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Abstract

Plastics are extensively used in various fields and could be breakdown into small pieces as microplastics (MPs) and then be introduced into aquatic environments. MPs pollution pose serious threat to both ecosystems and humans via water-carrying pathways. The development of effective and efficient methods to remove MPs from aquatic systems is urgent. Sand filters is the unit which was commonly used to remove particulate contaminants from waters. Attapulgite (ATP) clay is a kind of minerals widely present in natural environments, with the virtues of excellent adsorption capacity. Herein, we used quartz sand filters with the addition of ATP for the efficient removal of MPs. Polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, both of spheres and fragments) particles with sizes of ∼ 1 μm were used as representative MPs. Results showed that with the addition of ATP (100 mg L−1) in 5 mg L−1 MPs suspensions, the removal of all kinds of MPs reached to ∼ 100 %, with no passing out of MPs from sand filters as observed from the breakthrough curves (BTCs) in 10–100 mM NaCl and 1–10 mM CaCl2 solutions. In addition, in real lake and river waters, the efficient removal was also obtained for PS and PP MPs with ATP, even with the lowest for removal PS MPs in lake water reaching as high as ∼ 35 %. The entanglement and vehicle effect induced by ATP was confirmed by its individual transport and also the MPs-ATP agglomerates formation verified via SEM, TEM, and DFT simulations. The results of this systematic and mechanistic study imply that sand filters modified with ATP might be a promising green remediation method to remove MPs from aqueous solutions in future.

Abstract Image

凹凸棒土粘土在各种水域中通过砂过滤器有效去除微塑料的作用的见解
塑料广泛应用于各个领域,可以分解成小块的微塑料(MPs),然后被引入水生环境。MPs污染通过取水途径对生态系统和人类构成严重威胁。开发有效和高效的方法从水生系统中去除MPs是迫切需要的。砂过滤器是一种常用的去除水中颗粒污染物的装置。凹凸棒石(ATP)粘土是一种广泛存在于自然环境中的矿物,具有优异的吸附能力。在这里,我们使用添加ATP的石英砂过滤器来有效去除MPs。以聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为代表,粒径为 ~ 1 μm。结果表明,在5 mg L−1的MPs悬浮液中加入ATP(100 mg L−1)后,各种MPs的去除率达到 ~ 100 %,从10-100 mM NaCl和1 - 10 mM CaCl2溶液的突破曲线(btc)观察到,砂过滤器中没有MPs通过。此外,在真实的湖泊和河流中,ATP对PS和PP MPs也有有效的去除效果,甚至在湖泊中对PS MPs的去除率最低,达到 ~ 35 %。ATP诱导的纠缠和载体效应通过其单独的输运得到证实,并通过SEM、TEM和DFT模拟验证了MPs-ATP团聚体的形成。这一系统和机理的研究结果表明,用ATP修饰砂过滤器可能是一种有前途的绿色修复方法,以去除水中的MPs。
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来源期刊
Chemical Engineering Journal
Chemical Engineering Journal 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
21.70
自引率
9.30%
发文量
6781
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Chemical Engineering Journal is an international research journal that invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. It aims to provide an international platform for presenting original fundamental research, interpretative reviews, and discussions on new developments in chemical engineering. The journal welcomes papers that describe novel theory and its practical application, as well as those that demonstrate the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. It also welcomes reports on carefully conducted experimental work that is soundly interpreted. The main focus of the journal is on original and rigorous research results that have broad significance. The Catalysis section within the Chemical Engineering Journal focuses specifically on Experimental and Theoretical studies in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. These studies have industrial impact on various sectors such as chemicals, energy, materials, foods, healthcare, and environmental protection.
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