Inorganic bioelectric system for nitrate removal with low N2O production at cold temperatures of 4 and 10 °C

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2024.123061

Mingyi Xu , Francesco Savio , Charlotte Kjærgaard , Marlene Mark Jensen , Adam Kovalovszki , Barth F. Smets , Borja Valverde-Pérez , Yifeng Zhang

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Abstract

Groundwater, essential for ecological stability and freshwater supply, faces escalating nitrate contamination. Traditional biological methods struggle with organic carbon scarcity and low temperatures, leading to an urgent need to explore efficient approaches for groundwater remediation. In this work, we proposed an inorganic bioelectric system designed to confront these challenges. At 10 and 4 °C, the system achieved total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 95.4 ± 2.7% and 90.9 ± 1.9% at 2 h hydraulic retention time (HRT), while maximum TN removal rates were recorded as 206.0 ± 6.3 and 178.3 ± 9.4 g N·m^-3·d^-1 at 1 h HRT. The microbial analysis uncovered shifts in dominant genera across temperatures, with Dechloromonas prevalent at 10 °C and Chryseobacterium at 4 °C, highlighting adaptability to cold-tolerant species. Gene analysis on narG, napA, nirS, nirK, norB, nosZI, nosZII, and nifA examined the nitrate reduction processes, and analysis on mtrC and omcA hinted at electrotrophic processes. Additionally, we demonstrated system resilience to disruptions of power outage and short periods without flow through. These findings establish a foundational understanding of electricity-driven nitrate bioreduction in cold environments, crucial in groundwater remediation strategies and paving the way for future optimization and upscaling efforts.

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无机生物电系统在4和10°C低温下低N2O产量的硝酸盐去除

对生态稳定和淡水供应至关重要的地下水面临着不断升级的硝酸盐污染。传统的生物方法与有机碳的稀缺和低温的斗争，导致迫切需要探索有效的地下水修复方法。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种无机生物电系统，旨在应对这些挑战。在10°C和4°C条件下，系统在2 h水力停留时间（HRT）下的总氮（TN）去除率分别为95.4±2.7%和90.9±1.9%，而在1 h水力停留时间下的最大TN去除率分别为206.0±6.3和178.3±9.4 g N·m-3·d-1。微生物分析揭示了优势属在不同温度下的变化，脱氯单胞菌在10°C时普遍存在，黄杆菌在4°C时普遍存在，突出了对耐寒物种的适应性。对narG、napA、nirS、nirK、norB、nosZI、nosZII和nifA的基因分析揭示了硝酸盐还原过程，对mtrC和omcA的基因分析提示了电营养过程。此外，我们还展示了系统对停电中断和短时间无流量的恢复能力。这些发现建立了对寒冷环境中电力驱动的硝酸盐生物还原的基本理解，这对地下水修复策略至关重要，并为未来的优化和升级工作铺平了道路。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.