Synergistic Optimization of Buried Interface via Hydrochloric Acid for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

IF 13 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Small Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI:10.1002/smll.202408606
Xing Zhao, Danxia Wu, Huilin Yan, Peng Cui, Yujie Qiu, Bingbing Fan, Xiaopeng Yue, Liang Li, Meicheng Li
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Abstract

Incorporating chlorine into the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) has proven effective in enhancing the interfacial contact between SnO2 and perovskite in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, previous studies have primarily focused on the role of chlorine in passivating surface trap defects in SnO2, without considering its influence on the buried interface. Here, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is introduced as a chlorine source into commercial SnO2 to form Cl-capped SnO2 (Cl-SnO2) ETL, aiming to optimize the buried interface of the PSC. The incorporation of HCl into the SnO2 precursor solution works in two key ways. First, it converts the detrimental KOH stabilizer into KCl through an acid-base reaction. Second, it regulates the crystallization process of the perovskite, reducing PbI2 residues and voids at the buried interface. As a result, the efficiency of the PSC increases from 21.93% to 25.39%, with a certified efficiency of 25.69%, the highest efficiency reported for Cl-SnO2 ETL-based PSCs. Moreover, the target PSC exhibits excellent air stability, retaining 90% of its initial efficiency after 2900 h of air exposure, compared to only 56.1% for the control PSC. This investigation highlights the effectiveness of HCl in the synergistic optimization of the buried interface in PSCs.

Abstract Image

高效稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池的盐酸协同优化研究
在钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)中,在SnO2电子传递层(ETL)中加入氯可以有效地增强SnO2与钙钛矿之间的界面接触。然而,以往的研究主要集中在氯在钝化SnO2表面陷阱缺陷中的作用,而没有考虑其对埋藏界面的影响。本文将盐酸(HCl)作为氯源引入到工业SnO2中,形成Cl - capped SnO2 (Cl - SnO2) ETL,旨在优化PSC的埋藏界面。将HCl掺入SnO2前驱体溶液中有两个关键的方法。首先,它通过酸碱反应将有害的KOH稳定剂转化为KCl。其次,它调节了钙钛矿的结晶过程,减少了埋藏界面处的PbI2残留和空隙。结果,PSC的效率从21.93%提高到25.39%,其中认证效率为25.69%,是基于Cl‐SnO2 ETL‐的PSC的最高效率。此外,目标PSC表现出优异的空气稳定性,在暴露于空气中2900小时后保持90%的初始效率,而对照PSC仅为56.1%。这项研究强调了HCl在psc中埋藏界面协同优化中的有效性。
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来源期刊
Small
Small 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
17.70
自引率
3.80%
发文量
1830
审稿时长
2.1 months
期刊介绍: Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.
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