[Macronutrient intake status and food sources in adult residents from 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China in 2022-2023].

Abstract

Objective: To analyze dietary energy and macronutrient intake and food sources of adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China.

Methods: The data were derived from the 2022-2023 China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey and the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and adults(≥18 years) with completed demographic characteristics and dietary data were selected. Energy, macronutrient intakes, and their contribution to total energy, and protein food sources by characteristics of subjects were analyzed, which were further compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range(AMDR) and the estimated average requirement of protein.

Results: Daily intake levels of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate of Chinese adults were 1941.15 kcal, 61.56 g, 87.45 g and 222.07 g, respectively. The proportions of subjects with energy contribution from protein, fat and carbohydrate meeting corresponding AMDR were 59.65%, 16.39% and 26.79%, respectively, while the proportions of subjects with optimal protein intake(% energy) were the lowest in subjects aged 65-79 years(20.90%) and ≥80 years(21.04%). Moreover, the proportions of subjects in different groups of macronutrient energy supply ratios were significantly different by age and urban-rural(all P<0.05). Adults at risk of insufficient protein intake accounted for 45.00%, which was significantly affected by age, gender and urban-rural areas(all P<0.05). In particular, proportion of elder adults ≥80 years with insufficient protein intake was the highest(60.30%), that in males was higher than females, and that in adults living in rural was higher than in urban. Animal foods, cereals, other foods and legumes were the main food sources of protein intake of Chinese adults, and their contribution rates to protein were 39.52%, 34.17%, 20.19% and 6.12%, respectively.

Conclusion: The dietary structure of adults in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China is unreasonable, especially the elderly and rural residents.