Lotus leaf-inspired triboelectric sensor for detecting seismic transverse wave

Abstract

Recognizing precursors to longitudinal waves is crucial for predicting earthquakes and minimizing both human and economic losses, and seismometers that are exempt from regular power source replacement and performance degradation under humid conditions are highly anticipated. This work draws inspiration from the three-dimensional microstructure of the superhydrophobic lotus leaf surface and transfers the microstructure from nano-SiO₂ to Ecoflex surface. A self-powered, low-cost, highly durable, and stable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was thus developed for earthquake warning based on the superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, and flame-retardant film. The as-prepared TENG can convert the tiny vibration in the earth into electricity with a peak power density of 92.4 mW/m². In addition, there is a strong linear correlation (The R² value is 0.98 and 0.99.) between peak current and vibration acceleration and vibration when the EW-TENG is applied to different vibration intensities. It is possible to analyze the peak current to calculate the vibration intensity. Then, the real-time monitoring capability of the EW-TENG is verified in a more realistic simulated geological disaster scenario. Considering the self-power feature, it may contribute to fast earthquake response and rescue efforts, as well as research in reducing the risk of seismic hazards.