Differences in severity of reticulo-rumen pH drop in primiparous Holstein cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation: effects on performance, energy balance, blood metabolites, and reproduction

Abstract

We recently reported factors leading to different severity of ruminal pH drop in primiparous cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation. The present study evaluates the effects of those severities on performance and several blood and balance parameters in the same 24 primiparous cows from 3 wk before calving until wk 10 in lactation. Dietary concentrate was increased for all cows from 32 before calving to 60% (DM basis) over the first wk in lactation, resulting in a diet with 40% non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and 14.4% physically effective fiber (peNDF>8). Ruminal pH was monitored with indwelling systems in all cows during the study; then several indices of duration and magnitude of pH change were used as indicators of the severity of ruminal pH drop. Accordingly, as reported in the companion paper, the cows were classified as either higher pH drop (HIGH; n = 9), moderate (MOD; n = 9) and lower (LOW; n = 6) severity of pH drop. In the present report, body weight, body condition score, and back fat thickness decreased but rumen mucosa thickness increased after calving in all cows (P < 0.05). Post-partum daily energy intake in HIGH was greater (P < 0.05) than the other categories. In addition, there were 5.6 kg extra of energy-corrected milk in HIGH (P < 0.05). Independent of severity of pH drop, blood glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, bilirubin and cortisol were higher, whereas triglycerides, total protein, globulin, albumin, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorous were lower at calving (P < 0.05). Blood cholesterol was greater in HIGH than the other pH categories (P < 0.05); insulin and reproductive variables were not affected by severity of pH drop. Overall, primiparous cows fed the same diet showed different severity of ruminal pH drop, but the individual variation in ruminal pH depression was not related to a negative impact on milk yield, energy balance or blood metabolites during the study. This indicates that the impact of low ruminal pH on the animals may depend not only on severity of the pH drop (average of 403 min/d of pH<5.8 over 13 wk) but also on diet characteristics. Specifically, drops of ruminal pH can be tolerated by primiparous cows during the first 10 wk in milk consuming a diet containing 40% NFC and 14.4% peNDF>8. It would be worth studying the severity of ruminal pH drop in a larger sample size during the entire lactation and if the severity is sustained on the next lactation.