Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis in a changing climate.

IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
PLoS ONE Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0309384
Howard Peters, Gina M Ralph, Laura Rogers-Bennett
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

There is increasing awareness that marine invertebrates such as abalones are at risk from the combined stressors of fishing and climate change. Abalones are an important marine fishery resource and of cultural importance to Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. A highly priced marine delicacy, they are inherently vulnerable: individuals are slow-growing and long-lived and successful reproduction requires dense assemblages. However, their global conservation status is poorly understood. Using IUCN Red List methodology, we assessed the extinction risk to all 54 species of abalone (genus Haliotis). Of the 21 fished commercially for human consumption either now and/or in the past, 15 (71.43%) are classified as threatened, i.e., those identified as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Of the 33 unexploited species, only five (15.15%) are so classified, making exploited species over four times more likely to face extinction, underscoring the impact of fishing on abalones already confronting a changing climate. The highest concentration of threatened species occurs along the North American Pacific coast. Here six of the seven species have been exploited, yet despite years of fishery closures with exemptions only in Alaska and Mexico, all are categorised as threatened. Climate driven stressors have led to mass mortalities, with competition from sea urchins and disease, aggravated by harmful algal blooms. In Australia the picture is mixed despite robust stock management, with some regions experiencing mass mortalities from marine heatwaves and viral spread. Poaching has reached its apogee in South Africa, where organised criminal gangs have reduced the legal fishery of Haliotis midae, 'perlemoen' almost to a footnote, accompanied by widespread recruitment failure. In response, the authorities have focused on abalone ranching and stock enhancement. In Japan, with a long history of abalone fishing, wild stocks are routinely supplemented with hatchery-bred juveniles. Collaboration between restoration aquaculture and fisheries, including sea urchin control and kelp restoration, offers hope for rebuilding stocks against a backdrop of escalating environmental stressors.

处于危险中的鲍鱼:气候变化中鲍鱼的全球红色名录评估。
人们越来越意识到,像鲍鱼这样的海洋无脊椎动物正受到渔业和气候变化双重压力的威胁。鲍鱼是一种重要的海洋渔业资源,对土著和非土著人民具有重要的文化意义。作为一种昂贵的海洋美味,它们天生就很脆弱:个体生长缓慢,寿命长,成功繁殖需要密集的组合。然而,人们对它们的全球保护状况知之甚少。采用国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录方法,对54种鲍鱼(haaliotis属)的灭绝风险进行了评估。在现在和/或过去为人类消费商业捕捞的21种鱼类中,有15种(71.43%)被列为受威胁,即被确定为极度濒危、濒危或脆弱的鱼类。在33个未开发的物种中,只有5个(15.15%)被分类,这使得开发物种面临灭绝的可能性增加了四倍以上,突显了捕捞对已经面临气候变化的鲍鱼的影响。濒危物种最集中的地区是北美太平洋沿岸。在这里,7个物种中有6个已经被开发,尽管多年来渔业关闭,只有阿拉斯加和墨西哥例外,但所有物种都被列为受威胁物种。气候驱动的压力因素导致了大规模的死亡,来自海胆和疾病的竞争,有害的藻类繁殖加剧了这种死亡。在澳大利亚,尽管有强有力的库存管理,但情况喜忧参半,一些地区因海洋热浪和病毒传播而大量死亡。偷猎在南非达到了顶峰,在那里,有组织的犯罪团伙已经将midae halotis(“perlemoen”)的合法渔业减少到几乎成为一个注脚,伴随着广泛的招募失败。作为应对措施,当局已将重点放在鲍鱼养殖和种群增加上。在日本,有着悠久的鲍鱼捕捞历史,野生种群通常会补充孵化场繁殖的幼鱼。恢复水产养殖与渔业之间的合作,包括控制海胆和恢复海带,为在环境压力不断升级的背景下重建种群提供了希望。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE 生物-生物学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.40%
发文量
14242
审稿时长
3.7 months
期刊介绍: PLOS ONE is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, online publication. PLOS ONE welcomes reports on primary research from any scientific discipline. It provides: * Open-access—freely accessible online, authors retain copyright * Fast publication times * Peer review by expert, practicing researchers * Post-publication tools to indicate quality and impact * Community-based dialogue on articles * Worldwide media coverage
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