Influence of exercise and dietary habits on the association of alpha-actinin-3 gene polymorphisms with physical function and body composition in community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q3 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Geriatrics & Gerontology International Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI:10.1111/ggi.15042

Daijo Shiratsuchi, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Shoma Akaida, Mana Tateishi, Yuto Kiuchi, Ryota Kuratsu, Hyuma Makizako

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

Alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) is associated with diminished physical function and muscle mass in older individuals. However, the effects of lifestyle on this relationship remain unclear. This study explored whether the association between ACTN3 polymorphisms and physical function and body composition varied based on exercise and dietary habits.

Methods

A longitudinal analysis of 197 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older (mean age 72.5 ± 5.9 years, 60.9% women) in the Tarumizu study provided data on ACTN3 gene polymorphisms, with surveys completed in 2019 and 2022 (mean follow-up 1156 ± 80.0 days). Physical performance (grip strength, walking speed) and body composition (body weight, appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASMM], and fat mass) were assessed. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed in oral mucosa samples and categorized into type R allele carriers and type XX alleles (homozygous for minor alleles). Median values determined exercise habits (≤4 days/week or ≥5 days/week) and dietary habits based on high-protein-food frequency scores.

Results

The proportion of type XX genetic polymorphism was 26.4%. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance showed a significant interaction between genetic polymorphism and time for ASMM (F = 10.552, P = 0.002) in the ≤4 days/week exercise habits group. Significant interactions were observed in grip strength (F = 7.013, P = 0.009) and ASMM (F = 5.347, P = 0.023) for the ≤11 score high-protein-intake group.

Conclusions

This association may contribute to accelerated age-related changes in physical performance and body composition, particularly among individuals with type XX genetic polymorphism who have low exercise habits and a limited intake of high-protein foods. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 173–181.

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运动和饮食习惯对60岁及以上社区居民α -肌动素-3基因多态性与身体功能和身体组成关系的影响

目的：α -肌动蛋白3 （ACTN3）与老年人身体功能和肌肉质量下降有关。然而，生活方式对这种关系的影响尚不清楚。本研究探讨了ACTN3多态性与身体功能和身体组成之间的关系是否因运动和饮食习惯而变化。方法：Tarumizu研究对197名60岁及以上社区居民（平均年龄72.5±5.9岁，女性占60.9%）进行纵向分析，提供ACTN3基因多态性数据，调查于2019年和2022年完成（平均随访1156±80.0天）。评估身体表现（握力、步行速度）和身体组成（体重、阑尾骨骼肌质量[ASMM]和脂肪量）。对口腔黏膜样本进行遗传多态性分析，将其分为R型等位基因携带者和XX型等位基因携带者（少量等位基因为纯合子）。中位数决定了运动习惯（≤4天/周或≥5天/周）和基于高蛋白食物频率评分的饮食习惯。结果：XX型遗传多态性占26.4%。双向重复测量协方差分析显示，在≤4天/周运动习惯组中，ASMM遗传多态性与时间之间存在显著交互作用（F = 10.552, P = 0.002）。在≤11分的高蛋白摄入组中，握力（F = 7.013, P = 0.009）和ASMM （F = 5.347, P = 0.023）存在显著的交互作用。结论：这种关联可能有助于加速与年龄相关的身体表现和身体组成的变化，特别是在运动习惯低、高蛋白食物摄入有限的XX型遗传多态性个体中。Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024；••: ••-••.

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来源期刊

Geriatrics & Gerontology International 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

6.10%

发文量

189

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Geriatrics & Gerontology International is the official Journal of the Japan Geriatrics Society, reflecting the growing importance of the subject area in developed economies and their particular significance to a country like Japan with a large aging population. Geriatrics & Gerontology International is now an international publication with contributions from around the world and published four times per year.