Hydrogen sulfide-mediated inhibition of ROCK2 exerts a vasoprotective effecton ischemic brain injury.

Abstract

As a gas molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) exerts neuroprotective effects. Despite its recognized importance, there remains a need for a deeper understanding of H₂S's impact on vascular smooth muscle cells and its role in ischemic brain injury. This study employs encompassing cultured primary cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model, in vitro vascular tone assessments, in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion experimentation in male rats, and the utilization of ROCK₂ knockout, to unravel the intricate relationship between H2S and cerebrovascular diastolic function. Our findings show that RhoA activation induces heightened VSMC contraction, while the introduction of exogenous H₂S mitigates the relaxant effect of the middle cerebral artery in rats through the downregulation of both ROCK₁ and ROCK₂, with ROCK₂ exhibiting a more pronounced effect. Correspondingly, the attenuation of ROCK₂ expression yields a more substantial reduction in the protective impact of H₂S on cerebral blood flow, as well as learning and memory ability in ischemic injury, compared to the decrease in ROCK₁ expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that H₂S effectively mitigates the damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in male mouse primary vascular smooth muscle cells. This effect is characterized by enhanced cell proliferation, reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, elevated superoxide dismutase activity, and inhibited apoptosis. Notably, this protective effect is markedly diminished in cells derived from ROCK₂ knockout mice. Our study reveals that H₂S can relax cerebral vascular smooth muscle and ameliorate ischemic stroke injury by inhibiting the ROCK, with a particular emphasis on the role of ROCK₂.