Electrochemical hybrid devices for energy storage and dopamine detection using TMS@CNTs nanocomposite electrodes at different temperatures of electrolyte

Abstract

Dopamine, an imperative brain chemical belong to an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families, is essential for a healthy and happy life. The occurrence of a typical dopamine release is associated with several neurological disorders as well as depressive conditions. Hence, it is essential to conduct real-time in vivo monitoring of DA levels in order to comprehend its physiological functions comprehensively. Herein, the hydrothermal procedure is employed for the preparation of cobalt niobium sulfide (CoNbS). The unique nanostructure of the composite electrode material (CoNbS/CNT) fabricated in this work offers channels for ion mobilization and leads to exceptional electrochemical parameters. The electrode is also measured at different temperatures to get the optimum values. The specific capacity (Qs) of the CoNbS/CNT is calculated 700 Cg⁻¹ at 3 mVs⁻¹, which is comparatively superior to the undoped material. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully fabricated, attaining a remarkable Qs of 183.2 Cg⁻¹ at 3 mVs⁻¹, surpassing previously recorded values. The gadget yielded an exceptional energy density (E_d) of 75 Whkg⁻¹ and a notable power density (P_d) of 800 Wkg⁻¹. Moreover, the device achieved an outstanding columbic efficiency (CE) of 86%. Additionally, the sensor reliably delivers responses for dopamine (DA) in human serum, sustaining an accurate range of 101.8% to 103.2%. The multifunctional CoNbS/CNT nanocomposite electrode material presents novel prospects for the design of hybrid devices in energy harvesting and biomedical applications.