Intrinsically Healable and Photoresponsive Electrospun Fabrics: Integrating PVDF-HFP, TPU, and Azobenzene Ionic Liquids

Abstract

In recent years, the integration of multifunctional properties into electrospun fabrics has garnered significant attention for applications in wearable devices and smart textiles. A major challenge lies in achieving a balance among intermolecular interactions, structural stability, and responsiveness to external stimuli. In this study, we address this challenge by developing intrinsically healable and photoresponsive electrospun fabrics composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and an azobenzene-based ionic liquid ([AzoC₆MIM][TFSI]). The interactions between PVDF-HFP and [AzoC₆MIM][TFSI] enable intrinsic self-healing and light-induced responsiveness, while the incorporation of TPU prevents fiber fusion during electrospinning, maintaining structural integrity and porosity. Our results demonstrate that these fabrics can recover up to 97% of their original mechanical properties after self-healing and exhibit reversible changes in electrical conductivity under UV and visible lights. This versatile approach paves the way for the incorporation of high concentrations of functional ionic liquids into electrospun fabrics, enabling the development of multifunctional textiles with potential applications in self-healing wearable devices and advanced sensors.