Design and operation optimization of a novel closed-loop NCM precursor resynthesis from spent LIB assisted by roasting and wastewater electrolysis

IF 13.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Sunwoo Kim, Jeongdong Kim, Junghwan Kim
{"title":"Design and operation optimization of a novel closed-loop NCM precursor resynthesis from spent LIB assisted by roasting and wastewater electrolysis","authors":"Sunwoo Kim, Jeongdong Kim, Junghwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.158699","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies on spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling have focused on experimentally testing the direct resynthesis of NCM (Ni<span><span style=\"\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.163ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -250.4 504.8 500.8\" width=\"1.172ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,-150)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-78\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">x</mi></mrow></msub></math></script></span>Co<span><span style=\"\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.394ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -250.4 451.8 600.2\" width=\"1.049ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,-150)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-79\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">y</mi></mrow></msub></math></script></span>Mn<span><span style=\"\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.163ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -250.4 431.3 500.8\" width=\"1.002ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,-150)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-7A\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">z</mi></mrow></msub></math></script></span>O<sub>2</sub>) precursors from spent LIBs at a laboratory scale. However, the excessive use of chemicals, wastewater disposal, and operation optimization present issues in scaling to industrial applications. To resolve these challenges, this study proposes a novel closed-loop NCM precursor resynthesis assisted by roasting and wastewater electrolysis. The proposed system consists of three main processes: hydrogen roasting for lithium recovery, NCM precursor crystallization, and wastewater electrolysis for chemical regeneration. First, spent NCM cathodes were decomposed into metal oxides by hydrogen roasting, and water-soluble lithium oxide was separated from the metal oxide mixture. Second, the remaining metal oxide mixture was subjected to acid leaching, followed by NCM precursor crystallization. Finally, the wastewater generated from precursor crystallization was then treated using anion-exchange membrane-based electrolysis to regenerate the chemicals. The regenerated chemicals were reused in each process unit to create a closed-loop system. Furthermore, closed-loop operation optimization was conducted, leading to increased productivity and efficient time utilization. Under optimal operating conditions, the proposed system achieved a precursor recovery of 81.34%, which is 1.61% higher than that of the conventional system. Furthermore, economic analysis showed that the levelized cost of battery recycling of the proposed system was 30.53% lower than that of the conventional system. These results demonstrate that the proposed system could be a viable solution for sustainable closed-loop battery recycling by effectively reducing chemical consumption and wastewater disposal, while also improving productivity.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical Engineering Journal","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.158699","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Recent studies on spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling have focused on experimentally testing the direct resynthesis of NCM (NixCoyMnzO2) precursors from spent LIBs at a laboratory scale. However, the excessive use of chemicals, wastewater disposal, and operation optimization present issues in scaling to industrial applications. To resolve these challenges, this study proposes a novel closed-loop NCM precursor resynthesis assisted by roasting and wastewater electrolysis. The proposed system consists of three main processes: hydrogen roasting for lithium recovery, NCM precursor crystallization, and wastewater electrolysis for chemical regeneration. First, spent NCM cathodes were decomposed into metal oxides by hydrogen roasting, and water-soluble lithium oxide was separated from the metal oxide mixture. Second, the remaining metal oxide mixture was subjected to acid leaching, followed by NCM precursor crystallization. Finally, the wastewater generated from precursor crystallization was then treated using anion-exchange membrane-based electrolysis to regenerate the chemicals. The regenerated chemicals were reused in each process unit to create a closed-loop system. Furthermore, closed-loop operation optimization was conducted, leading to increased productivity and efficient time utilization. Under optimal operating conditions, the proposed system achieved a precursor recovery of 81.34%, which is 1.61% higher than that of the conventional system. Furthermore, economic analysis showed that the levelized cost of battery recycling of the proposed system was 30.53% lower than that of the conventional system. These results demonstrate that the proposed system could be a viable solution for sustainable closed-loop battery recycling by effectively reducing chemical consumption and wastewater disposal, while also improving productivity.

Abstract Image

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Chemical Engineering Journal
Chemical Engineering Journal 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
21.70
自引率
9.30%
发文量
6781
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Chemical Engineering Journal is an international research journal that invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. It aims to provide an international platform for presenting original fundamental research, interpretative reviews, and discussions on new developments in chemical engineering. The journal welcomes papers that describe novel theory and its practical application, as well as those that demonstrate the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. It also welcomes reports on carefully conducted experimental work that is soundly interpreted. The main focus of the journal is on original and rigorous research results that have broad significance. The Catalysis section within the Chemical Engineering Journal focuses specifically on Experimental and Theoretical studies in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. These studies have industrial impact on various sectors such as chemicals, energy, materials, foods, healthcare, and environmental protection.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信