Effect of Smell and Taste of Milk on Feeding Parameters in Preterm Neonates: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

IF 1 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cureus Pub Date : 2024-12-21 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI:10.7759/cureus.76110
Sarah Alenezi, Manal Aldaihani, Sabah Alqabandi, Ahmad A Alkandari, Bader A Almukaimi, Latifah Almutairi, Mohamed Abualqassim, Ziad A Kanaan, Manaal H Ameen, Yara H Farahat, Ahmed Abu-Zaid
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Abstract

Smell and taste sensations have been linked to positive outcomes in the feeding of premature infants, though the impact on the time required to transition to oral feeding remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of smell and taste interventions on clinical outcomes in preterm infants. We conducted a search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through September 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of smell and taste on clinical outcomes in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the updated Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool (version 2). The primary outcome was the time required to achieve oral feeds. Secondary outcomes included the time to reach full enteral feeds, length of hospital stay, postmenstrual age, the need for parenteral nutrition, and the incidence of nosocomial infections. The outcomes were summarized as mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. A total of 12 RCTs involving 1,638 preterm infants were included in the analysis. The results showed that smell and taste interventions significantly reduced the time needed to reach oral feeds (MD = -1.37 days, 95% CI [-2.26, -0.48], p < 0.001; I² = 42.15%) compared to no intervention. These findings were consistent across subgroup analyses based on birth weight at admission, type of exposure, and sample size. However, no significant differences were found for the other secondary outcomes. In conclusion, smell and taste interventions significantly reduced the time to reach oral feeds, with similar outcomes for other clinical measures compared to no intervention. These findings suggest that smell and taste interventions could be used in the care of preterm infants, with the need for large-volume RCTs and long-term assessments being warranted.

牛奶的气味和味道对早产儿喂养参数的影响:一项最新的荟萃分析。
嗅觉和味觉感觉与早产儿喂养的积极结果有关,尽管对过渡到口服喂养所需时间的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估嗅觉和味觉干预对早产儿临床结果的有益影响。我们在PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials中检索了从一开始到2024年9月的随机对照试验(RCTs),这些随机对照试验检查了嗅觉和味觉对胎龄小于34周的早产儿临床结果的影响。使用更新后的Cochrane's风险偏倚工具(版本2)评估纳入研究的质量。主要结局是实现口服喂养所需的时间。次要结局包括达到完全肠内喂养的时间、住院时间、经后年龄、肠外营养的需要和医院感染的发生率。使用随机效应模型将结果总结为95%置信区间(CI)的平均差异(MD)或比值比(or)。分析共纳入了12项随机对照试验,涉及1,638名早产儿。结果显示,嗅觉和味觉干预显著减少了到达口腔喂养所需的时间(MD = -1.37天,95% CI [-2.26, -0.48], p < 0.001;I²= 42.15%)。这些发现在基于入院时出生体重、暴露类型和样本量的亚组分析中一致。然而,其他次要结果没有发现显著差异。总之,嗅觉和味觉干预显著缩短了到达口腔喂养的时间,与不干预相比,其他临床措施的结果相似。这些发现表明,嗅觉和味觉干预可以用于早产儿的护理,需要进行大量的随机对照试验和长期评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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