Vitiligo: Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics in 573 Saudi Patients.

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 DERMATOLOGY
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2147/CCID.S499794
Mohammed Ibrahim AlJasser
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Vitiligo is a common disease. Limited studies in Saudi Arabia have explored the detailed clinical characteristics of vitiligo, as outlined in recent consensus reports by vitiligo experts.

Objective: To determine vitiligo prevalence and detailed clinical characteristics in a Saudi cohort.

Methods: Cross-sectional study over six years. All cases were electronically identified and manually verified. Prevalence and sex were determined based on all vitiligo cases. Detailed analysis was done only for patients seen in a specialized vitiligo clinic with standardized documentation.

Results: There were 1555 vitiligo cases (prevalence 0.235% [95% confidence interval 0.224-0.247], 938 [60.32%] were female). Detailed analysis for other variables was done in 573 patients. Onset before age 20 years was found in 49%. Family history of vitiligo was reported in 42.15%. Triggering factors were present in 32% with stress being the most common (24%). Proportion of clinical characteristics was as follows: nonsegmental vitiligo (88%), signs of activity (49%), lesional pruritus (25%), halo nevi (4%), leukotrichia (19%). Some patients had isolated facial involvement and others had leukotrichia on the eyelids (not eyelashes). Atopy and hypothyroidism were the most prevalent systemic diseases, while alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis were the top skin conditions. Antithyroid antibodies were high in approximately a third of patients and the majority of patients had low vitamin D. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was observed more in patients with clinical signs of activity (70% vs 54%, p-value 0.0007).

Conclusion: Prevalence of vitiligo was found to be similar to worldwide figures, with a higher proportion having affected family members. Stress as a trigger, lesional pruritus, signs of activity, thyroid disease, and low vitamin D were all common and should be routinely checked. Novel findings include isolated facial involvement, eyelid leukotrichia, and high ESR in active vitiligo.

白癜风:573例沙特患者的临床和实验室特征
背景:白癜风是一种常见病。沙特阿拉伯有限的研究探索了白癜风的详细临床特征,正如白癜风专家最近的共识报告所概述的那样。目的:了解沙特人群中白癜风的患病率和详细的临床特征。方法:6年的横断面研究。所有病例均经电子识别和人工核实。根据所有白癜风病例确定患病率和性别。详细的分析只对在白癜风专科诊所就诊的患者进行了标准化的记录。结果:白癜风1555例(患病率0.235%[95%可信区间0.224 ~ 0.247],女性938例[60.32%])。对573例患者进行了其他变量的详细分析。20岁前发病的占49%。有白癜风家族史的占42.15%。32%的人存在触发因素,压力是最常见的(24%)。临床特征占比为:非节段性白癜风(88%)、活动征象(49%)、皮损性瘙痒(25%)、晕痣(4%)、白斑(19%)。一些患者有孤立的面部受累,另一些患者有眼睑白斑(不是睫毛)。特应性和甲状腺功能减退是最常见的全身性疾病,而斑秃、特应性皮炎和牛皮癣是最常见的皮肤病。抗甲状腺抗体在大约三分之一的患者中较高,大多数患者维生素d含量低。在有临床活动体征的患者中观察到红细胞沉降率(ESR)升高(70% vs 54%, p值0.0007)。结论:白癜风的患病率与世界范围内的数据相似,但家庭成员的患病率较高。作为诱因的压力、皮损性瘙痒、活动迹象、甲状腺疾病和低维生素D都是常见的,应该定期检查。新的发现包括孤立的面部受累,眼睑白斑,高ESR在活动性白癜风。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
4.30%
发文量
353
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on the latest clinical and experimental research in all aspects of skin disease and cosmetic interventions. Normal and pathological processes in skin development and aging, their modification and treatment, as well as basic research into histology of dermal and dermal structures that provide clinical insights and potential treatment options are key topics for the journal. Patient satisfaction, preference, quality of life, compliance, persistence and their role in developing new management options to optimize outcomes for target conditions constitute major areas of interest. The journal is characterized by the rapid reporting of clinical studies, reviews and original research in skin research and skin care. All areas of dermatology will be covered; contributions will be welcomed from all clinicians and basic science researchers globally.
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