Tumplines, baskets, and heavy burden? Interdisciplinary approach to load carrying in Bronze Age Abu Fatima, Sudan

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI:10.1016/j.jaa.2024.101652

Jared Carballo-Pérez , Uroš Matić , Rachael Hall , Stuart T. Smith , Sarah A. Schrader

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Abstract

This paper investigates different body techniques for carrying heavy loads by individuals buried at Abu Fatima, a Nubian Bronze Age cemetery in Sudan. Drawing on iconographic evidence from ancient Egypt and Nubia, as well as African and other ethnographic records, the paper aims to understand gendered patterns behind load-carrying practices and their traces on skeletal remains. A multi-proxy approach was employed, using various skeletal modifications associated with mechanical loading. Examination of entheseal changes, osteoarthritis-related alterations, and degenerative vertebral changes was conducted to investigate the impacts of muscle loading, joint stress, and spinal adaptations. Additionally, unintentional cranial modifications, specifically changes caused by tumpline use, were also considered. The results indicate gender-specific load-carrying techniques among the individuals buried at Abu Fatima. Men displayed evidence of unilateral entheseal changes and humeroscapular osteoarthritis, indicating involvement in activities that necessitated bearing load on one shoulder. Women displayed distinct degenerative changes to the cervical vertebrae indicating frequent musculoskeletal use of the upper neck.

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汤锅、篮子和沉重的担子？青铜时代苏丹阿布·法蒂玛负重的跨学科研究

本文调查了在苏丹努比亚青铜时代墓地阿布法蒂玛埋葬的个体携带重物的不同身体技术。利用古埃及和努比亚的图像证据，以及非洲和其他民族志记录，这篇论文旨在了解负重行为背后的性别模式及其在骨骼遗骸上的痕迹。采用多代理方法，使用与机械载荷相关的各种骨骼修饰。通过检查骨骺改变、骨关节炎相关改变和退行性椎体改变来研究肌肉负荷、关节应力和脊柱适应的影响。此外，无意的颅骨改变，特别是使用tumpline引起的改变，也被考虑在内。结果表明，在阿布法蒂玛埋葬的个体中，有不同性别的负重技术。男性表现出单侧骨骺改变和肱骨肩胛骨关节炎的证据，表明参与了需要单肩承受负荷的活动。女性表现出明显的颈椎退行性改变，表明经常使用上颈部的肌肉骨骼。

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来源期刊

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Multiple-

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： An innovative, international publication, the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology is devoted to the development of theory and, in a broad sense, methodology for the systematic and rigorous understanding of the organization, operation, and evolution of human societies. The discipline served by the journal is characterized by its goals and approach, not by geographical or temporal bounds. The data utilized or treated range from the earliest archaeological evidence for the emergence of human culture to historically documented societies and the contemporary observations of the ethnographer, ethnoarchaeologist, sociologist, or geographer. These subjects appear in the journal as examples of cultural organization, operation, and evolution, not as specific historical phenomena.