Habitat heterogeneity over multiple scales supports dense and diverse megafaunal communities on a northeast Pacific ridge

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Fanny Girard, David W. Caress, Jennifer B. Paduan, Linda A. Kuhnz, Steven Y. Litvin, Emma Flattery, Amanda S. Kahn, Andrew DeVogelaere, Erica J. Burton, Christopher Lovera, Eric J. Martin, James P. Barry
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Abstract

Marine environments are highly heterogeneous, varying across scales of a few meters to entire ocean basins. Understanding the relationship between environmental variability and species distribution is essential for area-based management and conservation. However, this requires a precise alignment of seabed mapping with environmental and biological sampling, which is often difficult to achieve in the deep sea. There is thus an urgent need to tackle this challenge to effectively manage high-diversity habitats such as deep-sea coral and sponge aggregations. Relying on multiple subsea platforms, seafloor mapping, and imaging techniques, we mapped the distribution of megafaunal communities at Sur Ridge (780–1525-m depth; off central California) across multiple spatial scales. First, remotely operated vehicle video transects were conducted to characterize community distribution along the ridge in relation to substratum type, environmental conditions, and 1-m resolution bathymetry. Five distinct communities, located in specific areas of the ridge, were identified. These communities were primarily structured by depth, availability of hard substrata, and terrain complexity (slope and rugosity). Indicator taxa were identified for each community and their distributions were characterized at the centimeter scale from coregistered 5-mm resolution photomosaic and 5-cm lateral resolution bathymetry produced during low altitude remotely operated vehicle surveys. High-resolution mapping allowed the identification of associations between deep-sea coral and sponge and other benthic taxa and showed that, even at these small scales, different taxa associate with distinct microhabitats. These results highlight the importance of accounting for habitat heterogeneity, and its role in supporting biodiversity when designing management and conservation strategies.

Abstract Image

多尺度的生境异质性支持了东北太平洋海岭密集多样的巨型动物群落
海洋环境是高度不均匀的,在几米到整个海洋盆地的尺度上都有变化。了解环境变化与物种分布之间的关系对于基于区域的管理和保护至关重要。然而,这需要将海底测绘与环境和生物采样精确地结合起来,而这在深海中通常很难实现。因此,迫切需要解决这一挑战,以有效管理高多样性栖息地,如深海珊瑚和海绵聚集。依靠多个海底平台、海底测绘和成像技术,我们绘制了Sur Ridge (780-1525 m深度;横跨多个空间尺度。首先,进行远程操作的车辆视频样带,以表征与基底类型、环境条件和1‐m分辨率测深相关的山脊沿线群落分布。五个不同的社区,位于山脊的特定区域,被确定。这些群落主要由深度、硬基质的可用性和地形复杂性(坡度和崎岖度)组成。对每个群落进行了指示分类群的鉴定,并在厘米尺度上对它们的分布进行了表征,这些分布是由低空遥控车辆调查产生的5毫米分辨率的照片和5厘米横向分辨率的测深数据共同记录的。高分辨率的测绘可以识别深海珊瑚、海绵和其他底栖生物分类群之间的关联,并表明,即使在这些小尺度上,不同的分类群也与不同的微栖息地相关。这些结果强调了考虑生境异质性的重要性,以及它在设计管理和保护策略时支持生物多样性的作用。
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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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