TMEM106B C‐terminal fragments aggregate and drive neurodegenerative proteinopathy in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONGenetic variation in the lysosomal and transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) modifies risk for several neurodegenerative disorders, especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The C‐terminal (CT) domain of TMEM106B occurs as fibrillar protein deposits in the brains of dementia patients.METHODSTo determine the TMEM CT aggregation propensity and neurodegenerative potential, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing the human TMEM CT fragment aggregating in FTLD cases.RESULTSPan‐neuronal expression of human TMEM CT in C. elegans causes severe neuronal dysfunction driving neurodegeneration. Cytosolic aggregation of TMEM CT proteins accompanied by behavioral dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Loss of pgrn‐1 did not modify TMEM CT phenotypes suggesting TMEM CT aggregation occurs downstream of PGRN loss of function. The mechanistic drivers of TMEM106B proteinopathy appear distinct from known modifiers of tauopathy.DISCUSSIONOur data demonstrate that TMEM CT aggregation can kill neurons. TMEM106B transgenic C.elegans provide a useful model for characterizing TMEM106B proteinopathy‐mediated neurodegeneration in FTLD.Highlights Pan‐neuronal expression of human TMEM106B C‐terminal fragments (TMEM CT) in C. elegans neurons drives a suite of disease‐related phenotypes useful for modeling the molecular and cellular features of TMEM106B neuropathology. TMEM CT expression results in extensive TMEM aggregation and accumulation of highly detergent insoluble protein species. TMEM CT expression causes moderate to severe neuronal dysfunction dependent on TMEM CT abundance as measured by stereotypical behavioral readouts. TMEM CT expression drives significant neurodegenerative changes. Dendra2 tagged TMEM exhibits similar properties to untagged TMEM allowing ready visualization of the protein. TMEM CT aggregates accumulate adjacent to but not within lysosomes. PGRN loss of function does not impact TMEM CT toxicity. Modifiers of tau and TDP‐43 proteinopathies have little impact on TMEM CT‐related neurodegenerative phenotypes.