Study of mechanism, kinetics, and product characterization of thermal and catalytic liquefaction of Northeastern Indian coals using supercritical toluene

IF 3.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI:10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106496

Govind Dubey, Prabu Vairakannu, Pankaj Tiwari

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The present research aimed at the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) of three Indian coals with toluene and Fe2O3 catalyst within a temperature range of 400 ℃- 450 °C. The maximum overall conversion of 41.87 wt% and oil yield of 16.25 wt% was observed for lignite coal, at 60 min residence time and 450 ℃ for catalytic, with an increase of 6 % and 4.72 %, respectively, compared to that of thermal liquefaction. The activation energies were in the 40 kJ/mol to 370 kJ/mol range. The CO2 levels peaked at 15.45 vol% for catalytic and 11.18 vol% for thermal DCL in the case of lignite coal. The hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide gases with maximum concentrations of 563 ppm and 230 ppm, respectively, were also detected. The oil possesses carbon chains ranging from C8 to C25, whereas both asphaltene and preasphaltene fractions extend to a broader range of C8-C30.

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来源期刊

Journal of Supercritical Fluids 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

10.30%

发文量

236

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Supercritical Fluids is an international journal devoted to the fundamental and applied aspects of supercritical fluids and processes. Its aim is to provide a focused platform for academic and industrial researchers to report their findings and to have ready access to the advances in this rapidly growing field. Its coverage is multidisciplinary and includes both basic and applied topics. Thermodynamics and phase equilibria, reaction kinetics and rate processes, thermal and transport properties, and all topics related to processing such as separations (extraction, fractionation, purification, chromatography) nucleation and impregnation are within the scope. Accounts of specific engineering applications such as those encountered in food, fuel, natural products, minerals, pharmaceuticals and polymer industries are included. Topics related to high pressure equipment design, analytical techniques, sensors, and process control methodologies are also within the scope of the journal.