Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Outcomes of Mass Cardiac Arrests Caused by A Crowd Crush.

IF 6.5 1区 医学 Q1 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Seulki Choi, Sang Do Shin, Jeong Ho Park, Young Sun Ro, Ki Hong Kim, Kyoung Jun Song, Ki Jeong Hong
{"title":"Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Outcomes of Mass Cardiac Arrests Caused by A Crowd Crush.","authors":"Seulki Choi, Sang Do Shin, Jeong Ho Park, Young Sun Ro, Ki Hong Kim, Kyoung Jun Song, Ki Jeong Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110476","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A crowd crush can lead to respiratory arrest and result in multiple mass cardiac arrests (MCAs), which are often classified as Black Tag in disaster triage. Recently, many laypersons have been commonly trained in compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without ventilation support in various communities. This study aims to describe the characteristics of bystander CPR administered and the outcomes of MCAs during the Itaewon crowd crush incident.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted on the CPR characteristics of MCAs during the Halloween Festival in 2022, utilizing two databases: (1) MCAs registered in the Korea Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (KOHCAR) and (2) MCAs uploaded on social media platforms (Instagram and YouTube), identified through relevant keyword searches. Video clips with a minimum streaming time of 10 seconds and a clear view of bystander CPR were analyzed. General demographic findings were analyzed using the KOHCAR, while the type of bystander CPR (compression-only CPR with or without rescue breathing) was compared using the social media data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 218 patients attended by EMS, 119 MCAs were registered in KOHCAR. The mean age of the victims was 24.5 years, with 10 (8.4%) being non-Korean. The median ambulance response time was 59 minutes. Among the victims, 22 (18.5%) received CPR (19bybystanders,2byfirstresponders,and1byadisastermedicalassistantteam), followed by EMS resuscitation, while 7 (5.9%) received CPR first by the EMS team. The remaining 90 victims (75.6%) were pronounced deceased by EMS providers. Three victims (2.5%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field, and one (0.8%) survived to hospital discharge. From the social media database, 26 video clips containing CPR were identified (14 from 251 clips on Instagram and 12 from 187 on YouTube), excluding duplicates and non-CPR cases. In the 26 video clips containing CPR, a total of 228 bystander CPR cases were identified in the video clips. Of these, 217 (95.2%) involved compression-only CPR, while 11 cases (4.8%) included CPR with rescue breathing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most MCAs were pronounced deceased, likely due to their classification as Black Tag or delayed response times. Only a small percentage (4.8%) of bystander CPR cases included rescue breathing. An optimized resuscitation protocol for MCAs in crowd crush scenarios should be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21052,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation","volume":" ","pages":"110476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Resuscitation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110476","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: A crowd crush can lead to respiratory arrest and result in multiple mass cardiac arrests (MCAs), which are often classified as Black Tag in disaster triage. Recently, many laypersons have been commonly trained in compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without ventilation support in various communities. This study aims to describe the characteristics of bystander CPR administered and the outcomes of MCAs during the Itaewon crowd crush incident.

Methods: An observational study was conducted on the CPR characteristics of MCAs during the Halloween Festival in 2022, utilizing two databases: (1) MCAs registered in the Korea Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (KOHCAR) and (2) MCAs uploaded on social media platforms (Instagram and YouTube), identified through relevant keyword searches. Video clips with a minimum streaming time of 10 seconds and a clear view of bystander CPR were analyzed. General demographic findings were analyzed using the KOHCAR, while the type of bystander CPR (compression-only CPR with or without rescue breathing) was compared using the social media data.

Results: Of the 218 patients attended by EMS, 119 MCAs were registered in KOHCAR. The mean age of the victims was 24.5 years, with 10 (8.4%) being non-Korean. The median ambulance response time was 59 minutes. Among the victims, 22 (18.5%) received CPR (19bybystanders,2byfirstresponders,and1byadisastermedicalassistantteam), followed by EMS resuscitation, while 7 (5.9%) received CPR first by the EMS team. The remaining 90 victims (75.6%) were pronounced deceased by EMS providers. Three victims (2.5%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field, and one (0.8%) survived to hospital discharge. From the social media database, 26 video clips containing CPR were identified (14 from 251 clips on Instagram and 12 from 187 on YouTube), excluding duplicates and non-CPR cases. In the 26 video clips containing CPR, a total of 228 bystander CPR cases were identified in the video clips. Of these, 217 (95.2%) involved compression-only CPR, while 11 cases (4.8%) included CPR with rescue breathing.

Conclusion: Most MCAs were pronounced deceased, likely due to their classification as Black Tag or delayed response times. Only a small percentage (4.8%) of bystander CPR cases included rescue breathing. An optimized resuscitation protocol for MCAs in crowd crush scenarios should be developed.

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Resuscitation
Resuscitation 医学-急救医学
CiteScore
12.00
自引率
18.50%
发文量
556
审稿时长
21 days
期刊介绍: Resuscitation is a monthly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research, although papers relating to animal studies will be published only if they are of exceptional interest and related directly to clinical cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Papers relating to trauma are published occasionally but the majority of these concern traumatic cardiac arrest.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信