Heterogeneous Catalysts Catalyzed Photo-Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Photo-ATRP)

Abstract

Photo-ATRP technique has garnered significant attention due to its multitude of advantages, including its ability to be conducted under mild reaction conditions, user-friendly nature, and exceptional efficiency in polymerization. The heterogeneous photocatalysts not only exhibit exceptional quantum efficiency, but also possess a versatile bandgap that can be finely adjusted to accommodate a wide range of absorption wavelengths within the visible light spectrum, thereby emphasizing their potential for efficient recovery and reuse. The utilization of a variety of heterogeneous photocatalysts in photo-ATRP presents notable benefits for numerous applications, such as the lack of any remaining substances, simplicity in usage, and potential for reuse. This review focuses on recent progress in photo-ATRP utilizing a wide variety of heterogeneous photocatalysts, encompassing metal semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dot, upconversion nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, covalent–organic frameworks, conjugated microporous polymers, hypercrosslinked polymer, and carbon-based materials.