Soil physical properties and water dynamics under contrasting management regimes at the Morrow Plots

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
Peter B. Obour , Yushu Xia , Carmen M. Ugarte , Tony E. Grift , Michelle M. Wander
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Abstract

This study investigated changes in soil physical quality and water dynamics arising from continuous cropping at the Morrow Plots, the oldest agricultural experiment in North America. The objectives were to examine the effects of continuous cultivation on soil water retention and determine the optimum water content for tillage (θOPT) in a prime agricultural soil. Soil samples collected at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm depths were used to measure bulk density and water retention using the HyProp 2 and WP4-T Dewpoint Potentiometer. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil penetration resistance (PR) were measured to a depth of 15 cm. The soil water retention data were fitted with the Dexter double exponential and van Genuchten models. Neither model consistently fitted all the water retention data across the different management practices. The corn-oat-hay (COH) rotation generally reduced soil bulk density within the 0–15 cm depth by an average of 9 % and PR by 21 % compared to the continuous corn (CC) treatment. The COH rotation slightly increased topsoil water-holding capacity (0–15 cm), although trends varied with fertility regimes. The θOPT for the COH and CC estimated by the van Genuchten model was generally wetter than the water content at field capacity (θFC). In contrast, the θOPT estimated by the Dexter model was slightly drier than θFC. Despite limitations due to the lack of true replicates and the small sample size at the Morrow Plots, this research underscores the long-term impact of crop rotation on soil hydraulic properties in prime agricultural soils.
莫罗地块不同管理制度下的土壤物理特性和水动力学
这项研究调查了北美最古老的农业试验莫罗地块连作引起的土壤物理质量和水动力学的变化。目的是检查连续耕作对土壤保水的影响,并确定在优质农业土壤中耕作的最佳含水量(θOPT)。使用HyProp 2和WP4-T露点电位器测量0-5、5-10和10-15 cm深度的土壤样品的容重和保水率。测定土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤穿透阻力(PR),深度为15 cm。土壤保水数据采用Dexter双指数模型和van Genuchten模型进行拟合。两个模型都不能一致地拟合不同管理实践中的所有保水性数据。与连续玉米(CC)处理相比,玉米-燕麦-干草(COH)轮作一般使0-15 cm深度内的土壤容重平均降低9 %,PR平均降低21 %。COH轮作略微增加了表土持水能力(0-15 cm),尽管趋势因肥力制度而异。van Genuchten模型估计的COH和CC的θOPT通常比现场容量含水量(θFC)更湿。相比之下,Dexter模型估计的θOPT比θFC略干。尽管由于缺乏真正的重复和莫罗地块的小样本量而受到限制,但该研究强调了作物轮作对优质农业土壤土壤水力特性的长期影响。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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