Mohammad Khanizadeh, Kazem Naddafi, Masud Yunesian, Gerard Hoek, Ramin Nabizadeh, Helen Suh, Sadegh Niazi, Reza Bayat, Fatemeh Momeniha, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Sasan Faridi
{"title":"Comparison of PM2.5 around 1893 elementary schools and kindergartens in Tehran over different time windows","authors":"Mohammad Khanizadeh, Kazem Naddafi, Masud Yunesian, Gerard Hoek, Ramin Nabizadeh, Helen Suh, Sadegh Niazi, Reza Bayat, Fatemeh Momeniha, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Sasan Faridi","doi":"10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102249","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We employed a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate ambient fine particulate matter (PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf>) concentrations around elementary schools and kindergartens across Tehran, utilizing 138 predictor variables within buffers ranging from 100 to 2000 m. Among these, nine variables predicted the annual ambient PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> concentration around elementary schools and kindergartens. The model demonstrated acceptable performance, as indicated by the magnitude of the coefficients of determination (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> and adjusted R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>) and validation metrics such as K-fold cross-validation (K-foldCV) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, adjusted R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, K-foldCV R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> and LOOCV R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> were 0.74 and 0.68, 0.68, and 0.55, respectively. The predictor variables included green space, population density, the distance to secondary roads, water channels, fuel/gas stations, main squares, the number of parking lots and mosques. There is a substantial spatial inequality in annual concentration of ambient PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> across Tehran as nearly all of the schools situated in the north experienced lower levels (< 35 μg/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>) compared with those in the south (> 40 μg/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>). This pattern observed for the Kindergartens across Tehran. Our findings highlight the importance of infrastructure design changes, such as expanding green spaces and relocating parking lots, to enhance air quality around schools and kindergartens.","PeriodicalId":48626,"journal":{"name":"Urban Climate","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Urban Climate","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102249","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We employed a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations around elementary schools and kindergartens across Tehran, utilizing 138 predictor variables within buffers ranging from 100 to 2000 m. Among these, nine variables predicted the annual ambient PM2.5 concentration around elementary schools and kindergartens. The model demonstrated acceptable performance, as indicated by the magnitude of the coefficients of determination (R2 and adjusted R2) and validation metrics such as K-fold cross-validation (K-foldCV) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). R2, adjusted R2, K-foldCV R2 and LOOCV R2 were 0.74 and 0.68, 0.68, and 0.55, respectively. The predictor variables included green space, population density, the distance to secondary roads, water channels, fuel/gas stations, main squares, the number of parking lots and mosques. There is a substantial spatial inequality in annual concentration of ambient PM2.5 across Tehran as nearly all of the schools situated in the north experienced lower levels (< 35 μg/m3) compared with those in the south (> 40 μg/m3). This pattern observed for the Kindergartens across Tehran. Our findings highlight the importance of infrastructure design changes, such as expanding green spaces and relocating parking lots, to enhance air quality around schools and kindergartens.
期刊介绍:
Urban Climate serves the scientific and decision making communities with the publication of research on theory, science and applications relevant to understanding urban climatic conditions and change in relation to their geography and to demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, technological and environmental dynamics and global change. Targeted towards both disciplinary and interdisciplinary audiences, this journal publishes original research papers, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and short communications on topics including, but not limited to, the following:
Urban meteorology and climate[...]
Urban environmental pollution[...]
Adaptation to global change[...]
Urban economic and social issues[...]
Research Approaches[...]