A p-Type Small-Molecule Organic Cathode Simultaneously for High-Voltage Li/Na-Based Dual-Ion Full Batteries

Abstract

A small organic molecule namely [N,N'-bis(triphenylamine)]-dihydrophenazine (PZ2TPA) is designed as the p-type organic cathode for rechargeable batteries. PZ2TPA can undergo 4-electron and 4-anion-inserted redox mechanism, with the theoretical capacity (C_T) of 160 mAh g^-1. Subsequently, the high-voltage Li/Na-based dual-ion full batteries can be simultaneously constructed by using PZ2TPA cathode and graphite (C)/hard carbon (HC) as the anodes, respectively. Both full batteries can be simply activated by the 1st charge process after battery assembly, and show the two high voltage slopes at 3.79/3.01 V (vs. C) and 3.77/3.04 V (vs. HC), respectively. Furthermore, both full batteries can still deliver the peak discharge capacities of 161/151 mAh g^-1_PZ2TPA and stably run for 1000 cycles.