Spatial assessment of drinking water flavor in China: Revealing regional disparities and underlying drivers

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2024.123020

Youwen Shuai , Kejia Zhang , Tuqiao Zhang , Hui Zhu , Sha Jin , Tingting Hu , Zhefan Yu , Xinyu Liang

{"title":"Spatial assessment of drinking water flavor in China: Revealing regional disparities and underlying drivers","authors":"Youwen Shuai , Kejia Zhang , Tuqiao Zhang , Hui Zhu , Sha Jin , Tingting Hu , Zhefan Yu , Xinyu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123020","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drinking water flavor, a critical water quality metric, exhibits substantial regional variations across China, influenced by local geology and chemistry. Despite growing consumer concerns about water flavor, a spatial assessment of the determinants of water flavor in China has been notably lacking. This study bridges this gap by conducting a spatially comprehensive analysis of 78 tap water samples throughout China. A reliable flavor evaluation method, alongside advanced statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and spatial autocorrelation analysis, were applied to identify the drivers behind regional flavor differences. The findings reveal four predominant types of flavor variations attributed to distinct organic and inorganic factors. The spatial distribution patterns of key parameters impacting flavor were clarified by Moran's I statistic. Notably, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is highlighted for its role in enhancing water flavor by modifying the chemical composition of water in recipient regions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trihalomethanes (THMs), and the fluorescence index (Φ<sub>IV,n</sub>) are identified as non-negligible supplementary indicators of water flavor. The research highlights the need for region-specific strategies to enhance the flavor of drinking water nationwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 123020"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Research","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135424019201","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Drinking water flavor, a critical water quality metric, exhibits substantial regional variations across China, influenced by local geology and chemistry. Despite growing consumer concerns about water flavor, a spatial assessment of the determinants of water flavor in China has been notably lacking. This study bridges this gap by conducting a spatially comprehensive analysis of 78 tap water samples throughout China. A reliable flavor evaluation method, alongside advanced statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and spatial autocorrelation analysis, were applied to identify the drivers behind regional flavor differences. The findings reveal four predominant types of flavor variations attributed to distinct organic and inorganic factors. The spatial distribution patterns of key parameters impacting flavor were clarified by Moran's I statistic. Notably, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is highlighted for its role in enhancing water flavor by modifying the chemical composition of water in recipient regions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trihalomethanes (THMs), and the fluorescence index (Φ_IV,n) are identified as non-negligible supplementary indicators of water flavor. The research highlights the need for region-specific strategies to enhance the flavor of drinking water nationwide.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

中国饮用水风味空间评价：揭示区域差异及其驱动因素

饮用水风味是一项重要的水质指标，受当地地质和化学的影响，在中国各地表现出很大的区域差异。尽管消费者越来越关注水的风味，但对中国水风味决定因素的空间评估明显缺乏。本研究通过对中国各地的78个自来水样本进行空间综合分析，弥补了这一差距。采用可靠的风味评价方法，结合相关分析、主成分分析（PCA）和空间自相关分析等先进的统计技术，确定了区域风味差异背后的驱动因素。研究结果揭示了四种主要类型的风味变化归因于不同的有机和无机因素。通过Moran’s I统计，阐明了影响风味的关键参数的空间分布规律。值得注意的是，南水北调工程通过改变受援区水的化学成分来改善水的风味。溶解有机碳（DOC）、三卤甲烷（THMs）和荧光指数（ΦIV,n）被确定为水风味不可忽略的补充指标。该研究强调，需要制定针对特定地区的策略，以提高全国饮用水的味道。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.